1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.10 Period Number
3.6 Block
3.7 Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
4.3 CAS Number
74399437440746
7429905
54386242
4.10 Space Group Name
4.11 Space Group Number
5 Facts
5.1 Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
5.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
5.3 History
5.3.1 Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
5.3.2 Discovery
5.4 Abundance
5.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %3 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
1.3.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
1.6.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.1.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.5.1 Abundance In Oceans
4.5.5 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
6.2.1 Medical Uses
6.2.2 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
6.3 Biological Properties
6.3.1 Toxicity
6.3.2 Present in Human Body
6.3.3 In Blood
7.2.1 In Bone
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
1,652.00 °C156.61 °C
27
3410
9.5 Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C2,000.00 °C
147
5660
10.4 Appearance
10.4.1 Physical State
10.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
10.5.2 Luster
10.6 Hardness
10.6.1 Mohs Hardness
10.8.2 Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa8.80 MPa
0.14
3490
11.3.2 Vickers Hardness
11.7 Speed of Sound
14.2 Optical Properties
14.2.1 Refractive Index
14.3.2 Reflectivity
14.6 Allotropes
14.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
15 Chemical
15.1 Chemical Formula
15.2 Isotopes
15.2.1 Known Isotopes
15.5 Electronegativity
15.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
15.7.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
15.11.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
15.11.9 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
15.12.1 Allen Electronegativity
15.15 Electropositivity
15.15.1 Pauling Electropositivity
15.16 Ionization Energies
15.16.1 1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
15.16.4 2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol1,820.70 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
15.16.7 3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol2,704.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
15.16.11 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol5,210.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
15.16.14 5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
15.16.17 6th Energy Level
15.16.21 7th Energy level
15.16.22 8th Energy Level
15.16.26 9th Energy Level
15.16.29 10th Energy Level
15.16.33 11th Energy Level
15.16.35 12th Energy Level
15.16.39 13th Energy Level
15.16.44 14th Energy Level
15.16.47 15th Energy Level
15.16.49 16th Energy Level
15.16.52 17th Energy Level
15.16.56 18th Energy Level
15.16.59 19th Energy Level
15.16.63 20th Energy Level
15.16.66 21st Energy Level
15.16.69 22nd Energy Level
15.16.71 23rd Energy Level
15.16.75 24th Energy Level
15.16.77 25th Energy Level
15.16.81 26th Energy Level
15.16.83 27th Energy Level
15.16.87 28th Energy Level
15.16.89 29th Energy Level
15.16.93 30th Energy Level
15.18 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr1.43 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
15.20 Electron Work Function
16.2 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
17 Atomic
17.1 Atomic Number
17.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
17.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
17.4.1 Crystal Lattice
17.5 Atom
17.5.1 Number of Protons
17.8.4 Number of Neutrons
17.9.4 Number of Electrons
18.2 Radius of an Atom
18.2.1 Atomic Radius
174.00 pm167.00 pm
112
265
18.6.2 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm142.00 pm
96
260
18.8.2 Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm193.00 pm
139
348
19.2 Atomic Weight
174.97 amu114.82 amu
6.94
294
19.5 Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol15.70 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
19.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
19.9.1 Previous Element
19.9.2 Next Element
19.10 Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)54.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
19.12 Lattice Constant
350.31 pm325.23 pm
228.58
891.25
19.14 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
19.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
20 Mechanical
20.1 Density
20.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm37.31 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
20.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm37.02 g/cm3
0.512
20
20.8 Tensile Strength
20.11 Viscosity
21.2 Vapor Pressure
21.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.01 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
21.5.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
22.4 Elasticity properties
22.4.1 Shear Modulus
22.6.2 Bulk Modulus
23.1.2 Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa11.00 GPa
1.7
528
23.3 Poisson Ratio
23.6 Other Mechanical Properties
24 Magnetic
24.1 Magnetic Characteristics
24.1.1 Specific Gravity
24.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
24.2.3 Permeability
24.5.2 Susceptibility
24.6 Electrical Properties
24.6.1 Electrical Property
24.6.2 Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m83.70 nΩ·m
0.18
961
30.14.6 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.12 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
30.17.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol28.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
31 Thermal
31.1 Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
31.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K26.74 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
31.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K81.80 W/m·K
6.3
429
31.4 Critical Temperature
31.5 Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)32.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
31.6 Enthalpy
31.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol226.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
31.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol3.28 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
31.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol242.70 kJ/mol
61.5
837
31.7 Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K57.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1