Molybdenum Aluminium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mo
Al
Group Number
6
12
13
5
Period Number
5
3
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439987
99+
7429905
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
- Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Hans Christian Oersted
Discovery
In 1778
In 1825
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
5 * 10-3 %
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.006 %
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
0.91 %
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
39
8.10 %
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
9
0.00 %
6
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
14
0.00 %
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
- Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
31
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.
18
27.00 p.p.m.
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,617.00 °C
5
660.37 °C
99+
Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C
9
2,467.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
2.75
13
Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa
7
160.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa
6
160.00 MPa
35
Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s
6
5,000.00 m/s
10
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
58.00 %
15
71.00 %
10
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mo
Al
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
11
27
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.16
5
1.61
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.15
19
1.71
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30
24
1.47
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.83
8
Allen Electronegativity
2.16
3
1.61
20
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.84
99+
2.39
32
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol
37
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol
37
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol
26
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol
32
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol
22
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/mol
13
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/mol
16
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/mol
16
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/mol
18
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/mol
17
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr
99+
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.60 eV
12
4.28 eV
19
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
42
99+
13
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
42
99+
13
99+
Number of Neutrons
54
99+
14
99+
Number of Electrons
42
99+
13
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
143.00 pm
37
Covalent Radius
154.00 pm
32
121.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
184.00 pm
34
Atomic Weight
95.95 amu
99+
26.98 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol
99+
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)
13
80.70 (-eV)
17
Lattice Constant
314.70 pm
99+
404.95 pm
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm3
36
2.70 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm3
20
2.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
324.00 MPa
13
40.00 MPa
19
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
26
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa
8
26.00 GPa
29
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa
6
76.00 GPa
18
Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa
6
70.00 GPa
28
Poisson Ratio
0.31
13
0.35
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
10.22
27
2.72
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
4
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
3
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m
99+
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
11
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol
14
42.50 kJ/mol
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)
21
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K
99+
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K
12
237.00 W/m·K
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol
8
293.70 kJ/mol
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol
5
10.67 kJ/mol
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol
7
322.20 kJ/mol
31
Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K
99+
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
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