1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
2.3 Block
2.4 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
2.5 CAS Number
74399877440677
7429905
54386242
3.2 Space Group Name
3.3 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
- Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
4.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %5 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
4.5.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %~0.000004 %
1E-08
0.1
5.2.3 Abundance In Meteorites
5.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.5.3 Abundance In Oceans
5.5.5 Abundance In Humans
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
- Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
7.1.2 Medical Uses
7.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
7.2.2 Present in Human Body
7.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
7.3.3 In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.0.10 p.p.m.
0
170000
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
2,617.00 °C1,852.00 °C
27
3410
8.2 Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C4,377.00 °C
147
5660
8.4 Appearance
8.4.1 Physical State
8.4.2 Color
8.4.3 Luster
8.5 Hardness
8.5.1 Mohs Hardness
8.7.2 Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa638.00 MPa
0.14
3490
8.8.2 Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa820.00 MPa
121
3430
8.9 Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s3,800.00 m/s
818
16200
8.10 Optical Properties
8.10.1 Refractive Index
8.10.3 Reflectivity
8.11 Allotropes
8.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.3.7 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.3.10 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.13 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol1,270.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.5 3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol2,218.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.5.9 4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol3,313.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.5.11 5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol7,752.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.5.14 6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol9,500.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
9.5.17 7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
9.5.20 8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
9.5.23 9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
9.5.26 10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
9.5.30 11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
9.5.34 12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
9.5.38 13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
9.5.40 14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
9.5.43 15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
9.6.2 16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
9.7.1 17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
10.1.1 18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
10.1.3 19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
10.4.2 20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
10.4.4 21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
10.4.6 22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/molNA
93400
184900
10.4.8 23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/molNA
98420
198800
10.4.10 24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/molNA
104400
195200
10.4.12 25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/molNA
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121900
121900
10.4.13 26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/molNA
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127700
127700
10.4.14 27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/molNA
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133800
133800
10.4.15 28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/molNA
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139800
139800
10.4.16 29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/molNA
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148100
148100
10.6.1 30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/molNA
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154500
154500
10.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr0.85 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.8 Electron Work Function
10.11 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
12.3 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
12.4 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
12.4.1 Crystal Lattice
12.5 Atom
12.5.1 Number of Protons
12.10.1 Number of Neutrons
12.11.2 Number of Electrons
12.14 Radius of an Atom
12.14.1 Atomic Radius
139.00 pm160.00 pm
112
265
13.1.2 Covalent Radius
154.00 pm175.00 pm
96
260
13.2.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
13.3 Atomic Weight
95.95 amu91.22 amu
6.94
294
13.6 Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol14.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.9.1 Previous Element
13.9.2 Next Element
13.10 Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)80.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.13 Lattice Constant
314.70 pm323.20 pm
228.58
891.25
13.14 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
13.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm36.52 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm35.80 g/cm3
0.512
20
14.4 Tensile Strength
324.00 MPa330.00 MPa
2.5
11000
14.7 Viscosity
16.2 Vapor Pressure
16.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.2.5 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
16.4 Elasticity properties
16.4.1 Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa33.00 GPa
1.3
222
16.5.2 Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa91.10 GPa
1.6
462
16.6.2 Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa88.00 GPa
1.7
528
17.2 Poisson Ratio
17.4 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable
Ductile, Malleable
18 Magnetic
18.1 Magnetic Characteristics
18.1.1 Specific Gravity
18.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
18.2.2 Permeability
18.2.4 Susceptibility
18.4 Electrical Properties
18.4.1 Electrical Property
18.4.2 Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m421.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
18.5.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
18.7.2 Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol41.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
20 Thermal
20.1 Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)0.27 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
20.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K25.36 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
20.3 Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K22.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
20.6 Critical Temperature
20.7 Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)5.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
20.8 Enthalpy
20.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol581.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
20.8.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol20.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
20.8.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol598.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
21.2 Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K39.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1