Neptunium vs Zinc
Periodic Table
Symbol
Np
Zn
Group Number
Not Available
12
6
Period Number
7
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439998
99+
7440666
24
Space Group Name
Pnma
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
62.00
11
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
In 1940
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
3 * 10-5 %
11
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0002 %
10
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.01 %
16
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
10
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
170.00 p.p.m.
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
640.00 °C
99+
419.58 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C
13
907.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
327.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
Not Available
3,850.00 m/s
18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
2
Reflectivity
Not Available
80.00 %
5
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Np
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36
29
1.65
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.23
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.66
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.65
11
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64
25
2.35
35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol
99+
906.40 kJ/mol
6
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol
99+
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
39
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
93
25
30
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
93
25
30
99+
Number of Neutrons
144
14
35
99+
Number of Electrons
93
25
30
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm
30
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm
18
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
139.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu
22
65.38 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol
99+
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)
9
38.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm
3
266.49 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3
14
7.14 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
6.57 g/cm3
37
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)
17
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
70.00 GPa
19
Young's Modulus
Not Available
108.00 GPa
19
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
20.25
6
6.90
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m
99+
59.00 nΩ·m
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
Electron Affinity
Not Available
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K
8
25.47 J/mol·K
39
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K
99+
116.00 W/m·K
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol
99+
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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