Zinc vs Neptunium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn
Np
Group Number
12
6
Not Available
Period Number
4
7
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
CAS Number
7440666
24
7439998
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Pnma
Space Group Number
194.00
5
62.00
11
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Not Available
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE
In 1940
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %
11
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %
10
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %
12
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
10
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
6
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.
6
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
419.58 °C
99+
640.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
907.00 °C
99+
3,902.00 °C
13
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa
32
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s
18
Not Available
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
2
Not Available
Reflectivity
80.00 %
5
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zn
Np
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
20
19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65
19
1.36
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23
6
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66
7
1.22
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65
11
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.59
22
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35
35
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol
6
604.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
1,997.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
3,242.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr
39
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV
17
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
30
99+
93
25
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
30
99+
93
25
Number of Neutrons
35
99+
144
14
Number of Electrons
30
99+
93
25
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
155.00 pm
30
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
190.00 pm
18
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm
99+
221.00 pm
22
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu
99+
237.00 amu
22
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
11.62 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)
99+
96.00 (-eV)
9
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm
99+
666.30 pm
3
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3
99+
19.38 g/cm3
14
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3
37
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
125.00 MPa
14
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.11 (Pa)
17
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa
18
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa
19
Not Available
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa
19
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.90
99+
20.25
6
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m
40
1.22 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K
39
29.46 J/mol·K
8
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K
14
6.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
3.20 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
Not Available
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