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Nickel Thallium Comparison

Nickel
Thallium
Thallium Nickel comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni  
Tl  
Group Number
10  
8
13  
5
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440020  
99+
7440280  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
William Crookes  
Discovery
In 1751  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.01 %  
5
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Sun
0.01 %  
3
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %  
3
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
15
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
0.00 p.p.m.  
38
Physical
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C  
31
303.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C  
40
1,457.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
1.20  
21
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa  
20
26.50 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa  
24
120.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s  
16
818.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.68  
28
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
8.00 %  
37
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ni  
Tl  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91  
11
1.62  
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94  
12
2.25  
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.91  
12
1.96  
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.88  
9
1.79  
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09  
99+
2.38  
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
1,971.00 kJ/mol  
14
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
2,878.00 kJ/mol  
32
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
17
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
589.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
7.63 g/amp-hr  
2
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV  
6
3.84 eV  
39
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
28  
99+
81  
35
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
28  
99+
81  
35
Number of Neutrons
31  
99+
123  
21
Number of Electrons
28  
99+
81  
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm  
99+
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
196.00 pm  
37
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu  
99+
204.38 amu  
31
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
17.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cobalt
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Copper
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
9.60 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm  
99+
345.66 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.60  
23
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
11.85 g/cm3  
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
11.22 g/cm3  
33
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa  
13
47.00 MPa  
39
Viscosity
0.00  
8
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
16.90 (Pa)  
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)  
6
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa  
12
2.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa  
12
8.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.45  
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Sectile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.90  
99+
11.85  
35
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
2
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
600.00  
2
0.00  
28
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
0.18 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
0.06 106/cm Ω  
37
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
19.20 kJ/mol  
38
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K  
18
46.10 W/m·K  
33
Critical Temperature
1,728.00 K  
35
577.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
29.90 µm/(m·K)  
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
162.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
4.27 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
179.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
64.20 J/mol.K  
20
Summary >>
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