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Nickel Vanadium Comparison

Nickel
Vanadium
Vanadium Nickel comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni  
V  
Group Number
10  
8
5  
13
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440020  
99+
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
In 1751  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.01 %  
5
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
0.01 %  
3
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %  
3
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
15
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C  
31
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C  
40
3,380.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa  
20
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa  
24
628.00 MPa  
25
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s  
16
4,560.00 m/s  
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.68  
28
2.05  
13
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ni  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91  
11
1.63  
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94  
12
1.39  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.91  
12
1.63  
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.88  
9
1.53  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09  
99+
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
26th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV  
6
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
28  
99+
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
28  
99+
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
31  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
28  
99+
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm  
99+
153.00 pm  
35
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu  
99+
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cobalt
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Copper
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm  
99+
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.70  
9
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa  
13
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
0.00  
8
0.00  
11
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)  
6
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa  
12
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa  
12
128.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.90  
99+
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
2
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
600.00  
2
0.00  
8
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K  
18
30.70 W/m·K  
40
Critical Temperature
1,728.00 K  
35
2,183.00 K  
15
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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