Symbol
Ni
Fe
Group Number
108
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
44
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74400207439896
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00229.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
-
Discovery
In 1751
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.01 %0.11 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.01 %0.10 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %22.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %6.30 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.01 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.380.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C1,535.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C2,750.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.004.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa200.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa608.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s5,120.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.682.60
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
72.00 %65.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
-
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
-
gamma Iron
Chemical Formula
Ni
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2526
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.911.83
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.942.20
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.751.64
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.911.83
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.881.80
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.092.17
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol1,561.90 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol2,957.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol5,290.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol7,240.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol9,560.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol12,060.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol14,580.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol22,540.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol25,290.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol28,000.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol31,920.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol34,830.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol37,840.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol44,100.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol47,206.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol122,200.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol131,000.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol140,500.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol152,600.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol163,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol173,600.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol188,100.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol195,200.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol762.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol762.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV4.70 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Number
2826
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
2826
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
3130
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
2826
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm126.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm132.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu55.85 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)67.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm286.65 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.861.35
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm37.87 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm36.98 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa11,000.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)36.80 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa82.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa170.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa211.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.310.29
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.907.20
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.01 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
600.00200,000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m96.10 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.10 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol15.70 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)0.44 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K25.10 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K80.40 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,728.00 K1,811.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)11.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol351.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol14.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol414.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻