Nickel vs Magnesium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni
Mg
Group Number
10
8
2
16
Period Number
4
3
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440020
99+
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Joseph Black
Discovery
In 1751
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-3 %
4
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.008 %
3
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %
3
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
15
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
13
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
14
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.
18
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C
31
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C
38
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00
10
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa
18
260.00 MPa
36
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa
16
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s
12
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
72.00 %
9
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ni
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91
10
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94
10
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75
3
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.88
6
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09
99+
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol
25
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV
2
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
28
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
28
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
31
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
28
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm
99+
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm
40
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu
99+
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)
99+
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm
99+
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3
29
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa
11
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
31
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)
6
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa
12
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa
11
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
0.31
13
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.90
33
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
2
Not Available
Susceptibility
600.00
2
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m
39
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol
6
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K
31
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K
18
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol
20
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol
14
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol
17
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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