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Magnesium vs Nickel

Magnesium
Nickel
Nickel vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg   
Ni   
Group Number
2   
16
10   
8
Period Number
3   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439954   
99+
7440020   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black   
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt   
Discovery
In 1755   
In 1751   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %   
2
6 * 10-3 %   
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %   
2
~0.008 %   
3
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %   
2
1.30 %   
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %   
4
0.01 %   
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %   
2
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %   
4
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
17
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
1,453.00 °C   
31
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
2,732.00 °C   
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
667.00 MPa   
18
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
638.00 MPa   
16
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
4,900.00 m/s   
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
72.00 %   
9
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg   
Ni   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15   
24
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
1.91   
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
1.94   
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
1.88   
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
2.09   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
5,300.00 kJ/mol   
15
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
7,339.00 kJ/mol   
15
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
12,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
18,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
21,670.00 kJ/mol   
14
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
30,970.00 kJ/mol   
7
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
34,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,100.00 kJ/mol   
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,500.00 kJ/mol   
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
48,100.00 kJ/mol   
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,101.00 kJ/mol   
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
58,570.00 kJ/mol   
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
159,000.00 kJ/mol   
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
169,400.00 kJ/mol   
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
182,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
194,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
5.15 eV   
2
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12   
99+
28   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
31   
99+
Number of Electrons
12   
99+
28   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
124.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
124.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
58.69 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
352.40 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
7.81 g/cm3   
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
345.00 MPa   
11
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
19.50 (Pa)   
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
76.00 GPa   
12
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
200.00 GPa   
11
Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
8.90   
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
2
Susceptibility
Not Available   
600.00   
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
90.90 W/m·K   
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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