Magnesium Nickel Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg
Ni
Group Number
2
16
10
8
Period Number
3
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439954
99+
7440020
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Discovery
In 1755
In 1751
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %
2
6 * 10-3 %
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %
2
~0.008 %
3
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %
2
1.30 %
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %
4
0.01 %
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %
2
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %
4
0.00 %
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C
99+
1,453.00 °C
31
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C
99+
2,732.00 °C
38
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silver
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa
36
667.00 MPa
18
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
638.00 MPa
16
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
4,900.00 m/s
12
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
74.00 %
7
72.00 %
9
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg
Ni
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
15
24
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31
31
1.91
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32
18
1.94
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37
16
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.29
35
1.88
6
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69
23
2.09
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol
24
737.10 kJ/mol
25
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV
29
5.15 eV
2
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12
99+
28
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
12
99+
28
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
31
99+
Number of Electrons
12
99+
28
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
124.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
124.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm
37
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu
99+
58.69 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol
37
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)
99+
42.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm
99+
352.40 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3
99+
8.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
99+
7.81 g/cm3
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available
345.00 MPa
11
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
19.50 (Pa)
6
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa
37
76.00 GPa
12
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa
25
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa
39
200.00 GPa
11
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.74
99+
8.90
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
2
Susceptibility
Not Available
600.00
2
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
69.30 nΩ·m
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
112.00 kJ/mol
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
26.07 J/mol·K
31
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K
8
90.90 W/m·K
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
371.80 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol
39
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
422.60 kJ/mol
17
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
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