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Magnesium vs Cobalt

Magnesium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg   
Co   
Group Number
2   
16
9   
9
Period Number
3   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439954   
99+
7440484   
38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black   
Georg Brandt   
Discovery
In 1755   
In 1732   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %   
2
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %   
2
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %   
2
0.06 %   
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %   
4
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %   
2
0.00 %   
20
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %   
4
0.00 %   
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
1,495.00 °C   
29
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
2,870.00 °C   
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
470.00 MPa   
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg   
Co   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15   
24
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
1.88   
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
2.56   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.70   
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
1.84   
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
2.12   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
5.00 eV   
5
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12   
99+
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12   
99+
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
12   
99+
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
4,500.00   
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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