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Magnesium Cobalt Comparison

Magnesium
Cobalt
Cobalt Magnesium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg  
Co  
Group Number
2  
16
9  
9
Period Number
3  
4  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439954  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1755  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.06 %  
3
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.07 %  
2
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %  
2
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %  
4
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %  
2
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %  
5
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
650.00 °C  
99+
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C  
99+
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.49  
37
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
74.00 %  
9
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mg  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31  
32
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32  
24
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37  
30
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.29  
99+
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69  
23
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV  
40
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
12  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
12  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
12  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm  
99+
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
15
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa  
25
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
24
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa  
99+
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa  
29
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74  
99+
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
33
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K  
8
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
923.00 K  
99+
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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