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Magnesium Cobalt Comparison


Cobalt Magnesium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Mg   
Co   

Group Number
2   
16
9   
9

Period Number
3   
4   

Block
s block   
d block   

Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7439954   
99+
7440484   
38

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  

Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Joseph Black   
Georg Brandt   

Discovery
In 1755   
In 1732   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %   
2
3 * 10-4 %   
9

Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %   
2
~0.0004 %   
9

Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %   
2
0.06 %   
10

Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %   
4
0.00 %   
21

Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %   
2
0.00 %   
20

Abundance In Humans
0.03 %   
4
0.00 %   
17

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   

Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18

In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
0.04 p.p.m.   
27

Physical Properties

Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
1,495.00 °C   
29

Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
2,870.00 °C   
34

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gray   
Gray   

Luster
NA   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
5.00   
8

Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
470.00 MPa   
26

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,043.00 MPa   
11

Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
4,720.00 m/s   
14

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
67.00 %   
11

Allotropes
No   
Yes   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Mg   
Co   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
15   
24
26   
13

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
1.88   
12

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
2.56   
1

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.70   
5

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
1.84   
10

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
2.12   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
760.40 kJ/mol   
19

2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31

3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22

4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19

5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12

6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12

7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11

8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12

9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13

10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7

11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8

12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2

20th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4

21st Energy Level
Not Available   
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4

22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3

23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
5.00 eV   
5

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
12   
99+
22   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
12   
99+
22   
99+

Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
26   
99+

Number of Electrons
12   
99+
22   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
147.00 pm   
34

Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30

Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Sodium
  
Iron
  

Next Element
Aluminium
  
Nickel
  

Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
95.20 (-eV)   
10

Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
4.51 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
4.11 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.98 (Pa)   
14

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
44.00 GPa   
17

Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
110.00 GPa   
15

Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
116.00 GPa   
18

Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
0.32   
12

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
4,500.00   
1

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   

Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
420.00 nΩ·m   
12

Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
7.60 kJ/mol   
37

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9

Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
21.90 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
429.00 kJ/mol   
15

Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
15.48 kJ/mol   
19

Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
468.60 kJ/mol   
15

Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+

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