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Cobalt Magnesium Comparison

Cobalt
Magnesium
Magnesium Cobalt comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Co  
Mg  
Group Number
9  
9
2  
16
Period Number
4  
3  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440484  
38
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
In 1732  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.06 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %  
10
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
21
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
20
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
20
0.03 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C  
29
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C  
35
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa  
31
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa  
18
260.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s  
18
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.50  
5
1.49  
37
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
16
74.00 %  
9
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt  
-  
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Co  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88  
13
1.31  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56  
1
1.32  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70  
6
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.88  
14
1.37  
30
Allen Electronegativity
1.84  
13
1.29  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12  
99+
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
25th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
26th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
27th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
28th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
29th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
30th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV  
9
3.66 eV  
40
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
22  
99+
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
26  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
22  
99+
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm  
36
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
32
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
173.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iron
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Nickel
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)  
10
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.26  
99+
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa  
10
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
24
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
17.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
45.00 GPa  
29
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa  
20
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4,500.00  
1
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
3
0.00  
33
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
1,768.00 K  
32
923.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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