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Nickel
Nickel

Thallium
Thallium



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Nickel vs Thallium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Ni
Tl
1.2 Group Number
1013
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
46
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
p block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-​Transition
1.6 CAS Number
74400207440280
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
225.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
William Crookes
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1751
In 1861
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-3 %5 * 10-9 %
Palladium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.008 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,453.00 °C303.50 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C1,457.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.001.20
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa26.50 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s818.00 m/s
Palladium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
72.00 %NA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Ni
Tl
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2532
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.911.62
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.942.25
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.751.44
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA1.96
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.881.79
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.092.38
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol589.40 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol1,971.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol2,878.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/molNA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/molNA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/molNA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr7.63 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.15 eV3.84 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
2881
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
2881
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
31123
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
2881
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
124.00 pm170.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
124.00 pm145.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm196.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
58.69 amu204.38 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol17.20 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)9.60 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
352.40 pm345.66 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.60
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm311.85 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm311.22 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
345.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)16.90 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa2.80 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa43.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa8.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.310.45
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Sectile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.9011.85
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Diamagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
600.00NA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m0.18 nΩ·m
Palladium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.06 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol19.20 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K26.32 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K46.10 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)29.90 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol162.10 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol4.27 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol179.90 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K64.20 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1