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Nobelium vs Gallium

Nobelium
Gallium
Gallium vs Nobelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
No  
Ga  
Group Number
3  
15
13  
5
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
10028145  
16
7440553  
32
Space Group Name
-  
Cmca  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
64.00  
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The most stable isotope of Nobelium metal is No-259.
  • No-259 has a half-life of fifty-eight minutes.
  
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
Sources
Bombarding Curium-246 or Curium-249 with Carbon-12 Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Discovery
In 1966  
In 1875  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
-  
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Nobelium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
13
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
827.00 °C  
99+
29.78 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C  
99+
2,403.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery White  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
56.80 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
111.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,100.00 m/s  
99+
2,740.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.81  
20
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
36.00 %  
33
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
No  
Ga  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13  
26
24  
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.81  
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.42  
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.82  
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.01  
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.76  
17
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.19  
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
642.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,254.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol  
13
3rd Energy Level
2,643.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol  
28
4th Energy Level
3,956.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
16
5th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
641.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
3,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,787.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
917.00 kJ/mol  
34
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
36
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,410.00 kJ/mol  
12
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
39
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
601.20 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
641.00 kJ/mol  
37
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
641.60 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
641.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.83 g/amp-hr  
4
0.87 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.20 eV  
30
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
102  
16
31  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Nobelium.jpg#100  
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
102  
16
31  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
39  
99+
Number of Electrons
102  
16
31  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
20
135.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm  
33
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
187.00 pm  
39
Atomic Weight
259.00 amu  
13
69.72 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol  
33
11.80 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Mendelevium
  
Zinc
  
Next Element
Lawrencium
  
Rubidium
  
Valence Electron Potential
26.00 (-eV)  
99+
69.70 (-eV)  
19
Lattice Constant
-  
451.97 pm  
20
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.76  
5
1.30  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.90 g/cm3  
99+
5.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.90 g/cm3  
99+
6.10 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
41.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
15
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
7.20 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
8.70 GPa  
99+
37.30 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
12.30 GPa  
99+
9.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.47  
1
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.90  
99+
5.91  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
3
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
7
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
0.68 nΩ·m  
99+
270.00 nΩ·m  
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω  
34
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
28.90 kJ/mol  
37
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.37 J/(kg K)  
16
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.10 W/m·K  
99+
40.60 W/m·K  
34
Critical Temperature
1,100.00 K  
99+
302.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
18.00 µm/(m·K)  
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
-  
256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
5.59 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
390.40 kJ/mol  
30
276.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
63.00 J/mol.K  
24
40.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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