Symbol
Os
Al
Group Number
813
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
63
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
74400427429905
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00225.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Hans Christian Oersted
Discovery
In 1803
In 1825
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.01 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.01 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.91 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %8.10 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.39 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.27.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C660.37 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C2,467.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.002.75
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa160.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa160.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s5,000.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.071.61
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
80.00 %71.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Os
Al
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3511
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.201.61
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.201.71
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.521.47
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.201.83
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.651.61
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.802.39
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol1,816.70 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol2,744.80 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol11,577.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol14,842.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol18,379.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol23,326.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol27,465.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol31,853.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol38,473.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol42,647.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol5,770.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol5,770.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol57,700.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol5,775.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol577.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol577.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol577.50 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr0.34 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV4.28 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Number
7613
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
7613
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
11414
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
7613
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm143.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm121.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm184.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu26.98 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol10.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)80.70 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm404.95 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.581.58
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm32.70 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm32.38 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa40.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa26.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa76.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa70.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.250.35
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.572.72
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m28.20 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.38 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol42.50 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.90 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K24.20 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K237.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K933.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)23.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol293.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol10.67 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol322.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K28.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻