1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
1.9 CAS Number
74299057440655
7429905
54386242
1.10 Space Group Name
1.11 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
2.2 Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Johan Gadolin
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %7 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
2.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.1.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.1.5 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
-
It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.3.3 In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.0.07 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
660.37 °C1,523.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C3,337.00 °C
147
5660
6.2 Appearance
6.2.1 Physical State
6.3.1 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
6.3.2 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.5.1 Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa589.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.7.1 Vickers Hardness
6.9 Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s3,300.00 m/s
818
16200
6.10 Optical Properties
6.10.1 Refractive Index
6.11.1 Reflectivity
6.12 Allotropes
6.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.12.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
7.4 Electropositivity
7.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.5 Ionization Energies
7.5.1 1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol1,180.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol1,980.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.5.4 4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol5,847.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.5.5 5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol7,430.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.5.6 6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol8,970.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
7.5.7 7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol11,190.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
7.5.8 8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol12,450.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
7.5.9 9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol14,110.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
7.5.10 10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol18,400.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
7.5.11 11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol19,900.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
7.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA36,090.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
7.5.13 13th Energy Level
7.5.14 14th Energy Level
7.5.15 15th Energy Level
7.5.16 16th Energy Level
7.5.17 17th Energy Level
7.5.18 18th Energy Level
7.5.19 19th Energy Level
7.5.20 20th Energy Level
7.5.21 21st Energy Level
7.5.22 22nd Energy Level
7.5.23 23rd Energy Level
7.5.24 24th Energy Level
7.5.25 25th Energy Level
7.5.26 26th Energy Level
7.5.27 27th Energy Level
7.5.28 28th Energy Level
7.5.29 29th Energy Level
7.5.30 30th Energy Level
7.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr1.11 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.7 Electron Work Function
7.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.2 Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
8.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
8.3.1 Crystal Lattice
8.4 Atom
8.4.1 Number of Protons
8.4.2 Number of Neutrons
8.4.3 Number of Electrons
8.5 Radius of an Atom
8.5.1 Atomic Radius
143.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
8.5.2 Covalent Radius
121.00 pm190.00 pm
96
260
8.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
8.6 Atomic Weight
26.98 amu88.91 amu
6.94
294
8.7 Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol19.80 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
8.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.8.1 Previous Element
8.8.2 Next Element
8.9 Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)48.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
8.10 Lattice Constant
404.95 pm364.74 pm
228.58
891.25
8.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
8.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
9 Mechanical
9.1 Density
9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm34.47 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
9.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm34.24 g/cm3
0.512
20
9.2 Tensile Strength
9.3 Viscosity
9.4 Vapor Pressure
9.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
9.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
9.5 Elasticity properties
9.5.1 Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa25.60 GPa
1.3
222
9.5.2 Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa41.20 GPa
1.6
462
9.5.3 Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa63.50 GPa
1.7
528
9.6 Poisson Ratio
9.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
10 Magnetic
10.1 Magnetic Characteristics
10.1.1 Specific Gravity
10.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
10.1.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
10.1.4 Susceptibility
10.2 Electrical Properties
10.2.1 Electrical Property
10.2.2 Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m596.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
10.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
10.2.4 Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol29.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
11 Thermal
11.1 Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)0.30 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
11.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K26.53 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
11.3 Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K17.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
11.4 Critical Temperature
11.5 Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)10.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
11.6 Enthalpy
11.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol393.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
11.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol17.15 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
11.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol418.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
11.7 Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K44.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1