1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Pb
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
p block
1.5 Element Family
Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
7439921
Rank: 86 (Overall) ▶
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
225.00
Rank: 2 (Overall) ▶
11
229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
2.3.2 Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
Rank: 16 (Overall) ▶
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
Rank: 18 (Overall) ▶
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
Rank: 23 (Overall) ▶
1.7E-07
22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
Rank: 26 (Overall) ▶
9.9E-12
8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
Rank: 22 (Overall) ▶
2E-23
1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
Rank: 8 (Overall) ▶
1E-13
1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
✔
✘
70% - Post Transition Metals Metals have it !
▶
3.2.3 In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 11 (Overall) ▶
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 10 (Overall) ▶
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
327.50 °C
Rank: 67 (Overall) ▶
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C
Rank: 53 (Overall) ▶
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Gray
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
1.50
Rank: 18 (Overall) ▶
0.2
8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa
Rank: 49 (Overall) ▶
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
121
3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s
Rank: 52 (Overall) ▶
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.000933
1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
58
97
4.7 Allotropes
✔
✘
20% - Post Transition Metals Metals have it !
▶
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Pb
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.87
Rank: 13 (Overall) ▶
0.7
2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
Rank: 11 (Overall) ▶
0.86
1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
1.67
Rank: 51 (Overall) ▶
1.46
3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 31 (Overall) ▶
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 43 (Overall) ▶
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 23 (Overall) ▶
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 35 (Overall) ▶
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall) ▶
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
26930
76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
29196
86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
41987
97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
47206
109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
52737
122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
58570
134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
64702
148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
80400
171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
87000
179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
93400
184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
98420
198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
104400
195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
121900
121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
127700
127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
133800
133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
139800
139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
148100
148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
154500
154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr
Rank: 9 (Overall) ▶
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.25 eV
Rank: 21 (Overall) ▶
2.14
5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
175.00 pm
Rank: 19 (Overall) ▶
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
Rank: 38 (Overall) ▶
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
Rank: 27 (Overall) ▶
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
207.20 amu
Rank: 30 (Overall) ▶
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol
Rank: 27 (Overall) ▶
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)
Rank: 57 (Overall) ▶
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
495.08 pm
Rank: 16 (Overall) ▶
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.567
1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3
Rank: 33 (Overall) ▶
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3
Rank: 15 (Overall) ▶
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa
Rank: 20 (Overall) ▶
2.5
11000
7.3 Viscosity
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
0.001526
0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)
Rank: 7 (Overall) ▶
2.47E-11
121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
2.62E-10
774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa
Rank: 47 (Overall) ▶
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa
Rank: 24 (Overall) ▶
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa
Rank: 48 (Overall) ▶
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.35
Rank: 25 (Overall) ▶
0.53
4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
-0.000166
200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 16 (Overall) ▶
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
Rank: 36 (Overall) ▶
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 28 (Overall) ▶
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
Rank: 39 (Overall) ▶
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K
Rank: 26 (Overall) ▶
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K
Rank: 38 (Overall) ▶
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
26.3
3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 13 (Overall) ▶
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 43 (Overall) ▶
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol
Rank: 53 (Overall) ▶
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 45 (Overall) ▶
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K
Rank: 17 (Overall) ▶
9.5
198.1