Symbol
Pb
Group Number
14
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
6
Rank: 2 (Overall)
2
7
👆🏻
Block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439921
Rank: 86 (Overall)
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
Rank: 3 (Overall)
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
-
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
Rank: 26 (Overall)
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
68% - Post Transition Metals Metals have it !
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 10 (Overall)
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
327.50 °C
Rank: 67 (Overall)
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C
Rank: 55 (Overall)
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
Rank: 19 (Overall)
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa
Rank: 64 (Overall)
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
38.00 MPa
Rank: 66 (Overall)
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s
Rank: 70 (Overall)
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.02
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
5.00 %
Rank: 39 (Overall)
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
12% - Post Transition Metals Metals
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical Formula
Pb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41
Rank: 2 (Overall)
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67
Rank: 52 (Overall)
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 31 (Overall)
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 44 (Overall)
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 23 (Overall)
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 45 (Overall)
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 32 (Overall)
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
7,156.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 36 (Overall)
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 32 (Overall)
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 34 (Overall)
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 33 (Overall)
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 51 (Overall)
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 28 (Overall)
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 79 (Overall)
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 37 (Overall)
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 31 (Overall)
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 25 (Overall)
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 29 (Overall)
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV
Rank: 28 (Overall)
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Number
82
Rank: 34 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
82
Rank: 34 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
125
Rank: 20 (Overall)
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
82
Rank: 34 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm
Rank: 21 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu
Rank: 30 (Overall)
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol
Rank: 39 (Overall)
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)
Rank: 60 (Overall)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.51
Rank: 47 (Overall)
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3
Rank: 35 (Overall)
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3
Rank: 36 (Overall)
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa
Rank: 49 (Overall)
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.00
Rank: 29 (Overall)
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa
Rank: 59 (Overall)
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa
Rank: 28 (Overall)
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa
Rank: 53 (Overall)
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.44
Rank: 3 (Overall)
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.35
Rank: 38 (Overall)
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
Rank: 12 (Overall)
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.00
Rank: 30 (Overall)
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
Rank: 41 (Overall)
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 33 (Overall)
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K
Rank: 34 (Overall)
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K
Rank: 39 (Overall)
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
600.61 K
Rank: 68 (Overall)
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 13 (Overall)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 64 (Overall)
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol
Rank: 60 (Overall)
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 57 (Overall)
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K
Rank: 18 (Overall)
9.5
198.1
👆🏻