1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
3.2 Block
3.3 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
3.4 CAS Number
74400647440542
7429905
54386242
3.7 Space Group Name
3.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.6.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.7.2 Abundance In Meteorites
2.10.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.14.1 Abundance In Oceans
3.5.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
-
Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
5.2.2 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
1,772.00 °C1,311.00 °C
27
3410
7.4 Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C3,233.00 °C
147
5660
7.5 Appearance
7.5.1 Physical State
7.5.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
7.5.3 Luster
7.6 Hardness
7.6.1 Mohs Hardness
1.4.2 Brinell Hardness
2.2.9 Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa510.00 MPa
121
3430
3.2 Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s2,680.00 m/s
818
16200
3.5 Optical Properties
3.5.1 Refractive Index
3.7.2 Reflectivity
3.11 Allotropes
3.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4 Chemical
4.1 Chemical Formula
4.2 Isotopes
4.2.1 Known Isotopes
4.3 Electronegativity
4.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
4.3.5 Sanderson Electronegativity
4.3.8 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
4.4.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
4.5.4 Allen Electronegativity
5.3 Electropositivity
5.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.4 Ionization Energies
5.4.1 1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol593.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol1,170.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.5 3rd Energy Level
NA1,990.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.9 4th Energy Level
NA4,250.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
1.2.3 5th Energy Level
1.3.3 6th Energy Level
1.6.2 7th Energy level
1.9.1 8th Energy Level
2.4.4 9th Energy Level
2.4.8 10th Energy Level
2.4.15 11th Energy Level
2.4.20 12th Energy Level
3.2.3 13th Energy Level
3.2.11 14th Energy Level
4.1.4 15th Energy Level
4.4.2 16th Energy Level
4.4.8 17th Energy Level
4.4.15 18th Energy Level
4.6.3 19th Energy Level
5.1.4 20th Energy Level
6.2.3 21st Energy Level
6.5.4 22nd Energy Level
6.6.5 23rd Energy Level
6.6.11 24th Energy Level
6.6.14 25th Energy Level
6.7.4 26th Energy Level
6.7.9 27th Energy Level
6.9.3 28th Energy Level
6.9.4 29th Energy Level
6.13.1 30th Energy Level
6.17 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr1.96 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.4 Electron Work Function
9.2 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.8 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
10.9 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.9.1 Crystal Lattice
10.10 Atom
10.10.1 Number of Protons
10.13.2 Number of Neutrons
10.13.8 Number of Electrons
10.17 Radius of an Atom
10.17.1 Atomic Radius
139.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
10.18.2 Covalent Radius
136.00 pm196.00 pm
96
260
10.20.1 Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm237.00 pm
139
348
11.2 Atomic Weight
47.87 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
12.4 Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol19.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
12.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
12.10.1 Previous Element
12.10.2 Next Element
12.11 Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)46.10 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.4 Lattice Constant
392.42 pm363.60 pm
228.58
891.25
14.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
14.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm37.90 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.3.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm37.40 g/cm3
0.512
20
16.3 Tensile Strength
16.5 Viscosity
16.8 Vapor Pressure
16.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
17.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)7.39 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
17.3 Elasticity properties
17.3.1 Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa21.80 GPa
1.3
222
18.4.2 Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa37.90 GPa
1.6
462
18.5.2 Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa54.80 GPa
1.7
528
19.3 Poisson Ratio
19.5 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
20 Magnetic
20.1 Magnetic Characteristics
20.1.1 Specific Gravity
20.3.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
20.3.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
20.4.2 Susceptibility
20.5 Electrical Properties
20.5.1 Electrical Property
20.5.3 Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m1.31 nΩ·m
0.18
961
21.2.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
21.4.1 Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
22 Thermal
22.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
22.4 Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K37.03 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
22.7 Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K10.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
22.12 Critical Temperature
23.3 Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)9.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
23.4 Enthalpy
23.4.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol359.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
23.5.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol10.05 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
23.8.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol352.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
23.9 Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K68.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1