Platinum

Nickel

Platinum Nickel Comparison

Platinum

Nickel

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

1010

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74400647440020

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

225.00225.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.

Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.

2.2 Sources

Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Antonio de Ulloa

Axel Fredrik Cronstedt

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1735

In 1751

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

5 * 10^-7 %6 * 10^-3 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000009 %~0.008 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %1.30 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NA0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.

It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry

Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

NA0.05 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

NA0.70 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,772.00 °C1,453.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

3,827.00 °C2,732.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery White

Silver

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

3.504.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

300.00 MPa667.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

400.00 MPa638.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

2,800.00 m/s4,900.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

73.00 %72.00 %

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

3525

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.281.91

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA1.94

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.441.75

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.721.88

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.722.09

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

870.00 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,791.00 kJ/mol1,753.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

NA3,395.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

NA5,300.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NA7,339.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NA10,400.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NA12,800.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NA15,600.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NA18,600.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NA21,670.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NA30,970.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NA34,000.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NA37,100.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NA41,500.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NA44,800.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NA48,100.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NA55,101.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NA58,570.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NA148,700.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NA159,000.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NA169,400.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NA182,700.00 kJ/mol

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NA194,000.00 kJ/mol

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.82 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

5.65 eV5.15 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization

Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

7828

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹

[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s² Or [Ar] 3d⁹ 4s¹

6.3 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

7828

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

11731

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

7828

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

139.00 pm124.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

136.00 pm124.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

175.00 pm163.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

47.87 amu58.69 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

9.09 cm3/mol6.59 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

392.42 (-eV)42.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

392.42 pm352.40 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

21.45 g/cm³8.91 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

19.77 g/cm37.81 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

125.00 MPa345.00 MPa

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.07 (Pa)19.50 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

61.00 GPa76.00 GPa

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

230.00 GPa180.00 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

168.00 GPa200.00 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.380.31

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

Ductile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

21.458.90

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Ferromagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

0.00 H/m0.00 H/m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NA600.00

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

105.00 nΩ·m69.30 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.10 10⁶/cm Ω0.14 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

205.30 kJ/mol112.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.13 J/(kg K)0.44 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.86 J/mol·K26.07 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

71.60 W/m·K90.90 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

8.80 µm/(m·K)13.40 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

510.50 kJ/mol371.80 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

19.70 kJ/mol17.57 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

565.00 kJ/mol422.60 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

41.60 J/mol.K29.90 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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