Symbol
Pt
Ce
Group Number
103
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
66
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
74400647440451
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Discovery
In 1735
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.01 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
-
Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Moderately Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.2.70 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C795.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C3,257.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.502.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa186.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa210.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s2,100.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.412.20
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
73.00 %68.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Pt
Ce
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3530
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.281.12
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.281.12
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.441.08
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.201.12
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.721.12
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.722.88
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,277.00 kJ/mol1,949.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol3,547.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol6,325.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol7,490.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
8,700.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,660.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol5,650.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol53,400.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol53,400.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol534.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol5,346.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol594.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol5,346.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol565.50 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol565.50 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol565.50 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol565.50 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol565.50 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol594.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr1.74 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV2.84 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
7858
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
7858
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
11782
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
7858
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm181.80 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm204.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm235.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu140.12 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol20.67 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)41.78 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm362.00 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.561.59
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm36.77 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm36.55 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa270.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)1.04 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa13.50 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa21.50 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa33.60 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.380.24
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.456.77
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m828.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K26.94 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K11.30 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
2,041.00 K1,071.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)6.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol414.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol5.46 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol381.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K72.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻