Platinum

Sodium

Platinum vs Sodium

Platinum

Sodium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

101

0 17

1.6 Period Number

2 7

1.7 Block

d block

s block

1.8 Element Family

Transition Metal

Alkali

1.9 CAS Number

74400647440235

7429905 54386242

1.10 Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

Im_ 3m

1.11 Space Group Number

225.00229.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.

At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).

2.2 Sources

Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

By Electrolysis Process, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Antonio de Ulloa

Humphry Davy

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1735

In 1807

2.5 Abundance

2.5.1 Abundance In Universe

5 * 10^-7 %2 * 10^-3 %

5E-09 0.11

2.5.3 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000009 %~0.004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.5.5 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.55 %

1.7E-07 22

2.6.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %2.30 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.7.1 Abundance In Oceans

NA1.10 %

2E-23 1.1

2.7.2 Abundance In Humans

NA0.14 %

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.

In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

Pharmaceutical Industry

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

NA1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.3.1 In Bone

NA10,000.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,772.00 °C97.72 °C

27 3410

5.2 Boiling Point

3,827.00 °C883.00 °C

147 5660

5.3 Appearance

5.3.1 Physical State

Solid

5.3.2 Color

Silvery White

5.3.3 Luster

Metallic

5.4 Hardness

5.4.1 Mohs Hardness

3.500.50

0.2 8.5

5.5.1 Brinell Hardness

300.00 MPa0.69 MPa

0.14 3490

5.6.1 Vickers Hardness

400.00 MPaNA

121 3430

5.8 Speed of Sound

2,800.00 m/s3,200.00 m/s

818 16200

5.9 Optical Properties

5.9.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

5.10.2 Reflectivity

73.00 %NA

58 97

5.11 Allotropes

✔ ✘

5.11.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

5.11.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

5.11.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

6 Chemical

6.1 Chemical Formula

6.2 Isotopes

6.2.1 Known Isotopes

3517

0 38

6.3 Electronegativity

6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.280.93

0.7 2.54

6.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA0.56

0.22 2.56

6.4.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.441.01

0.86 1.82

6.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NA0.91

0.62 2.48

7.1.2 Allen Electronegativity

1.720.87

0.659 2.7

7.2 Electropositivity

7.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.723.07

1.46 3.3

7.3 Ionization Energies

7.3.1 1st Energy Level

870.00 kJ/mol495.80 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

7.4.3 2nd Energy Level

1,791.00 kJ/mol4,562.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

7.4.5 3rd Energy Level

NA6,910.30 kJ/mol

1600 34230

7.4.6 4th Energy Level

NA9,543.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

7.4.8 5th Energy Level

NA13,354.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

8.1.1 6th Energy Level

NA16,613.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

8.1.2 7th Energy level

NA20,117.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

8.2.1 8th Energy Level

NA25,496.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

8.2.2 9th Energy Level

NA28,932.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

8.3.1 10th Energy Level

NA141,362.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

8.4.1 11th Energy Level

NA159,076.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

8.5.1 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

8.5.2 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

8.6.2 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

8.6.4 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

8.6.6 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

8.6.7 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

8.7.1 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

8.7.2 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

8.7.3 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

8.7.4 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

8.7.5 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

8.7.6 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

8.7.7 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

8.7.8 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

8.7.9 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

8.7.10 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

8.7.11 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

8.7.12 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

8.7.13 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.82 g/amp-hr0.86 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

8.9 Electron Work Function

5.65 eV2.75 eV

2.14 5.65

8.10 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization

Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility

9 Atomic

9.1 Atomic Number

7811

3 117

9.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹

[Ne] 3s¹

9.3 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

9.3.1 Crystal Lattice

9.4 Atom

9.4.1 Number of Protons

7811

3 117

9.4.2 Number of Neutrons

11712

4 184

9.4.3 Number of Electrons

7811

3 117

9.5 Radius of an Atom

9.5.1 Atomic Radius

139.00 pm186.00 pm

112 265

9.5.2 Covalent Radius

136.00 pm166.00 pm

96 260

9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

175.00 pm227.00 pm

139 348

9.6 Atomic Weight

47.87 amu22.99 amu

6.94 294

9.7 Atomic Volume

9.09 cm3/mol23.70 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

9.8.1 Previous Element

9.8.2 Next Element

9.9 Valence Electron Potential

392.42 (-eV)14.10 (-eV)

8 392.42

9.10 Lattice Constant

392.42 pm429.06 pm

228.58 891.25

9.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

10 Mechanical

10.1 Density

10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

21.45 g/cm³0.97 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

19.77 g/cm30.93 g/cm3

0.512 20

10.2 Tensile Strength

125.00 MPaNA

2.5 11000

10.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

10.4 Vapor Pressure

10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.07 (Pa)NA

2.62E-10 774

10.5 Elasticity properties

10.5.1 Shear Modulus

61.00 GPa3.30 GPa

1.3 222

10.5.2 Bulk Modulus

230.00 GPa6.30 GPa

1.6 462

10.5.3 Young's Modulus

168.00 GPa10.00 GPa

1.7 528

10.6 Poisson Ratio

0.38NA

0.032 0.47

10.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

11 Magnetic

11.1 Magnetic Characteristics

11.1.1 Specific Gravity

21.450.97

0.53 4500

11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

11.1.3 Permeability

0.00 H/mNA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

11.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

11.2 Electrical Properties

11.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

11.2.2 Resistivity

105.00 nΩ·m47.70 nΩ·m

0.18 961

11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.10 10⁶/cm Ω0.21 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

11.2.4 Electron Affinity

205.30 kJ/mol52.80 kJ/mol

0 222.8

12 Thermal

12.1 Specific Heat

0.13 J/(kg K)1.23 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

12.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.86 J/mol·K28.23 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

12.3 Thermal Conductivity

71.60 W/m·K142.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

12.4 Critical Temperature

NA2,573.00 K

26.3 3223

12.5 Thermal Expansion

8.80 µm/(m·K)71.00 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

12.6 Enthalpy

12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

510.50 kJ/mol89.04 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

19.70 kJ/mol2.59 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

565.00 kJ/mol108.40 kJ/mol

61.5 837

12.7 Standard Molar Entropy

41.60 J/mol.K51.30 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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