1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74402357440484
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
2.2 Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Georg Brandt
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-30.04 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.0.04 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
97.72 °C1,495.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
883.00 °C2,870.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa470.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s4,720.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
4.7.2 β Allotropes
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol1,648.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol3,232.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol4,950.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol7,670.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol9,840.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol12,440.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol15,230.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol17,959.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol26,570.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol29,400.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA32,400.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA36,600.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA39,700.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA42,800.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA49,396.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA52,737.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NA134,810.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NA145,170.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NA154,700.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NA167,400.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NA178,100.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NA189,300.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
186.00 pm147.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
166.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
22.99 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
429.06 pm295.08 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm34.11 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa44.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa110.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa116.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
8.1.4 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol7.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1