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Plutonium Scandium Comparison


Scandium Plutonium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Pu   
Sc   

Group Number
0   
18
3   
15

Period Number
7   
4   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440202   
99+

Space Group Name
P121/m1   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
11.00   
13
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  

Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   

Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1879   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-6 %   
15

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000004 %   
16

Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18

Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
23

Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
32

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
34

Physical Properties

Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
1,539.00 °C   
24

Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
2,832.00 °C   
35

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
NA   
Lustrous   

Hardness
  
  

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
750.00 MPa   
12

Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Pu   
Sc   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
20   
19
13   
26

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
1.36   
29

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.02   
21

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.20   
27

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.19   
36

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
2.64   
25

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7

7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.50 eV   
31

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
94   
24
21   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   

Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
94   
24
21   
99+

Number of Neutrons
150   
11
24   
99+

Number of Electrons
94   
24
21   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
162.00 pm   
26

Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
170.00 pm   
25

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
211.00 pm   
25

Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
44.96 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
15.00 cm3/mol   
34

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Calcium
  

Next Element
Americium
  
Titanium
  

Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
58.00 (-eV)   
24

Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
330.90 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
2.99 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
2.80 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
0.00 (Pa)   
22

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
91.30 (Pa)   
3

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
29.10 GPa   
24

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
56.60 GPa   
21

Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
74.40 GPa   
26

Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.28   
18

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
2.99   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
562.00 nΩ·m   
10

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
Not Available   
18.10 kJ/mol   
33

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8

Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
25.52 J/mol·K   
37

Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
15.80 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
314.20 kJ/mol   
28

Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
14.10 kJ/mol   
25

Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
343.00 kJ/mol   
28

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+

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