Plutonium vs Scandium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu
Sc
Group Number
0
18
3
15
Period Number
7
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440075
99+
7440202
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
11.00
13
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
3 * 10-6 %
15
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
- It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.00 p.p.m.
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C
99+
1,539.00 °C
24
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C
24
2,832.00 °C
35
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
750.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu
Sc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
13
26
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28
33
1.36
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.02
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.20
27
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.19
36
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72
21
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol
99+
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol
99+
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr
22
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.50 eV
31
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94
24
21
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
94
24
21
99+
Number of Neutrons
150
11
24
99+
Number of Electrons
94
24
21
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm
28
162.00 pm
26
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
211.00 pm
25
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu
19
44.96 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol
99+
15.00 cm3/mol
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)
21
58.00 (-eV)
24
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm
4
330.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3
13
2.99 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3
8
2.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
26
0.00 (Pa)
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)
12
91.30 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa
18
29.10 GPa
24
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
56.60 GPa
21
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa
21
74.40 GPa
26
Poisson Ratio
0.21
32
0.28
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.84
7
2.99
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m
99+
562.00 nΩ·m
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
18.10 kJ/mol
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K
3
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K
99+
15.80 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)
6
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol
25
314.20 kJ/mol
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol
99+
14.10 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol
26
343.00 kJ/mol
28
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
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