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Plutonium vs Scandium

Plutonium
Scandium
Scandium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu  
Sc  
Group Number
0  
18
3  
15
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440075  
99+
7440202  
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
11.00  
16
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
Physical
Melting Point
639.50 °C  
99+
1,539.00 °C  
24
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C  
25
2,832.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
627.00 MPa  
22
750.00 MPa  
13
Vickers Hardness
617.00 MPa  
26
1,200.00 MPa  
13
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.80  
21
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
93.00 %  
3
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pu  
Sc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28  
34
1.36  
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.28  
26
1.02  
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.36  
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.28  
99+
1.19  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72  
21
2.64  
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
6th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
7th Energy level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
8th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
10th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
11th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
12th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
13th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
14th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
39
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
15th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
16th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
17th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
18th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
19th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
20th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
23rd Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
25th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
26th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
28th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr  
26
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.88 eV  
38
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
94  
24
21  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94  
24
21  
99+
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
24  
99+
Number of Electrons
94  
24
21  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
162.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
211.00 pm  
32
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu  
19
44.96 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)  
21
58.00 (-eV)  
25
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm  
4
330.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.74  
6
1.59  
24
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3  
13
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3  
18
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)  
12
91.30 (Pa)  
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
29.10 GPa  
28
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
56.60 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa  
23
74.40 GPa  
28
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.28  
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84  
16
2.99  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.60 kJ/mol  
99+
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K  
4
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
1,814.00 K  
28
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol  
36
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol  
35
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
Standard Molar Entropy
37.10 J/mol.K  
99+
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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