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Plutonium vs Calcium

Plutonium
Calcium
Calcium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu   
Ca   
Group Number
0   
18
2   
16
Period Number
7   
4   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440702   
21
Space Group Name
P121/m1   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
11.00   
13
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1808   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
7 * 10-3 %   
3
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.007 %   
4
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
1.10 %   
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
5.00 %   
3
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
1.40 %   
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
170.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94   
24
20   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Ar] 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94   
24
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
94   
24
20   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
231.00 pm   
19
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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