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Plutonium vs Calcium

Plutonium
Calcium
Calcium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu  
Ca  
Group Number
0  
18
2  
16
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440075  
99+
7440702  
21
Space Group Name
P121/m1  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
11.00  
13
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941  
In 1808  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
7 * 10-3 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.007 %  
4
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
1.10 %  
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
5.00 %  
3
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
1.40 %  
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C  
99+
839.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C  
24
1,484.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
1.75  
17
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
170.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
3,810.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu  
Ca  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28  
33
1.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.95  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
26
1.04  
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.08  
17
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.03  
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72  
21
3.00  
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
8
7th Energy level
Not Available  
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available  
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr  
22
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
2.87 eV  
38
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94  
24
20  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
[Ar] 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94  
24
20  
99+
Number of Neutrons
150  
11
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
94  
24
20  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
28
197.00 pm  
6
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
176.00 pm  
22
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
231.00 pm  
19
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu  
19
40.08 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
29.90 cm3/mol  
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)  
21
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm  
4
558.84 pm  
9
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3  
13
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3  
8
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
25.50 (Pa)  
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)  
12
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
7.40 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
17.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa  
21
20.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
32
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84  
7
4.58  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
Electron Affinity
Not Available  
2.37 kJ/mol  
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K  
3
25.93 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
201.00 W/m·K  
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol  
25
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol  
26
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available  
41.60 J/mol.K  
36
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