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Calcium vs Plutonium


Plutonium vs Calcium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ca   
Pu   

Group Number
2   
16
0   
18

Period Number
4   
7   

Block
s block   
f block   

Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Actinide   

CAS Number
7440702   
21
7440075   
99+

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P121/m1   

Space Group Number
225.00   
2
11.00   
13

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   

Discovery
In 1808   
In Between 1940 1941   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-3 %   
3
Not Available   

Abundance In Sun
~0.007 %   
4
~-9999 %   

Abundance In Meteorites
1.10 %   
4
Not Available   

Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.00 %   
3
Not Available   

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
5
Not Available   

Abundance In Humans
1.40 %   
1
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   

Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37

In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
0.00 p.p.m.   
36

Physical Properties

Melting Point
839.00 °C   
99+
639.50 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C   
99+
3,235.00 °C   
24

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gray   
Silvery White   

Luster
NA   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.75   
17
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s   
19
2,260.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ca   
Pu   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
19   
20
20   
19

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.00   
99+
1.28   
33

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.95   
24
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.04   
34
1.22   
26

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.08   
17
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.03   
39
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
3.00   
9
2.72   
21

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+

5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22

Electron Work Function
2.87 eV   
38
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
20   
99+
94   
24

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s2   
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Monoclinic (MON)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
20   
99+
94   
24

Number of Neutrons
20   
99+
150   
11

Number of Electrons
20   
99+
94   
24

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
197.00 pm   
6
159.00 pm   
28

Covalent Radius
176.00 pm   
22
187.00 pm   
20

Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm   
19
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
40.08 amu   
99+
244.00 amu   
19

Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Potassium
  
Neptunium
  

Next Element
Scandium
  
Americium
  

Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
64.90 (-eV)   
21

Lattice Constant
558.84 pm   
9
618.30 pm   
4

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
19.82 g/cm3   
13

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
16.63 g/cm3   
8

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)   
3
0.00 (Pa)   
26

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
2.20 (Pa)   
12

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa   
99+
43.00 GPa   
18

Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa   
99+
96.00 GPa   
21

Poisson Ratio
0.31   
13
0.21   
32

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
4.58   
99+
19.84   
7

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   

Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39

Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
35.50 J/mol·K   
3

Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K   
5
6.74 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
344.00 kJ/mol   
25

Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
360.00 kJ/mol   
26

Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
Not Available   

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