Polonium Lutetium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Po
Lu
Group Number
16
2
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440086
99+
7439943
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
221.00
3
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Discovery
In 1898
In 1906
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
Not Available
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C
99+
1,652.00 °C
19
Boiling Point
962.00 °C
99+
3,402.00 °C
19
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
893.00 MPa
10
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,160.00 MPa
8
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
α-polonium
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-polonium
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po
Lu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.27
34
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76
2
1.14
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48
1
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
2.19
2
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
2.73
20
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol
14
523.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
1,340.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,022.30 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,445.00 kJ/mol
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
2.18 g/amp-hr
23
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.30 eV
33
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84
32
71
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
84
32
71
99+
Number of Neutrons
125
19
104
30
Number of Electrons
84
32
71
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm
23
174.00 pm
20
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm
99+
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm
29
221.00 pm
22
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu
28
174.97 amu
40
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol
13
17.78 cm3/mol
30
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
50.90 (-eV)
26
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm
99+
350.31 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
10
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3
99+
9.84 g/cm3
38
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3
19
9.30 g/cm3
22
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
3.18 (Pa)
11
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
27.20 GPa
26
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
47.60 GPa
23
Young's Modulus
Not Available
68.60 GPa
30
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.26
21
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32
31
9.84
29
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
582.00 nΩ·m
9
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol
3
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
26.86 J/mol·K
24
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K
99+
16.40 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
355.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol
26
18.70 kJ/mol
13
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
398.00 kJ/mol
20
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
51.00 J/mol.K
30
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