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Polonium vs Molybdenum


Molybdenum vs Polonium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Po   
Mo   

Group Number
16   
2
6   
12

Period Number
6   
5   

Block
p block   
d block   

Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440086   
99+
7439987   
99+

Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
221.00   
3
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  

Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   

Discovery
In 1898   
In 1778   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
5 * 10-7 %   
19

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000009 %   
19

Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
24

Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
39

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
9

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.70 p.p.m.   
18

Physical Properties

Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
2,617.00 °C   
5

Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
4,612.00 °C   
9

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silver   
Gray   

Luster
NA   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
5.50   
7

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
1,370.00 MPa   
7

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,400.00 MPa   
6

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
5,400.00 m/s   
6

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
58.00 %   
15

Allotropes
Yes   
No   

α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Po   
Mo   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
29   
10
25   
14

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
2.16   
5

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.15   
19

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.30   
24

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
2.16   
3

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
1.84   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
684.30 kJ/mol   
37

2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37

3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22

7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9

20th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10

21st Energy Level
Not Available   
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9

22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7

23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6

24th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2

25th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1

26th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1

27th Energy Level
Not Available   
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1

28th Energy Level
Not Available   
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1

29th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1

30th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1

Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.60 eV   
12

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
84   
32
42   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
84   
32
42   
99+

Number of Neutrons
125   
19
54   
99+

Number of Electrons
84   
32
42   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
139.00 pm   
39

Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
154.00 pm   
32

Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
95.95 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Niobium
  

Next Element
Francium
  
Technetium
  

Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
88.60 (-eV)   
13

Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
314.70 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
10.28 g/cm3   
36

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
9.33 g/cm3   
20

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
324.00 MPa   
13

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
26

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
Not Available   
126.00 GPa   
8

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
230.00 GPa   
6

Young's Modulus
Not Available   
329.00 GPa   
6

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.31   
13

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Weldable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
10.22   
27

Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   

Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11

Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
71.90 kJ/mol   
14

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21

Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
138.00 W/m·K   
12

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
594.10 kJ/mol   
8

Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
27.61 kJ/mol   
5

Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
653.00 kJ/mol   
7

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+

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