1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74400977440553
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~0.000004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.2.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.3.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.3.4 Abundance In Oceans
3.3.6 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
2.1.3 Other Uses
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-30.08 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
1.2.1 In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.NA
0
170000
2 Physical
2.1 Melting Point
2.10 Boiling Point
774.00 °C2,403.00 °C
147
5660
1.3 Appearance
1.3.1 Physical State
1.3.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
1.3.4 Luster
1.4 Hardness
1.4.1 Mohs Hardness
3.4.5 Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa56.80 MPa
0.14
3490
3.4.9 Vickers Hardness
1.3 Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s2,740.00 m/s
818
16200
1.7 Optical Properties
1.7.1 Refractive Index
1.2.1 Reflectivity
1.5 Allotropes
1.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.5.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.5.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2 Chemical
2.1 Chemical Formula
2.2 Isotopes
2.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.5 Electronegativity
5.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.8.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.5.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.8.3 Allen Electronegativity
8.9 Electropositivity
8.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.3 Ionization Energies
9.3.1 1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.3.5 2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol1,979.30 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.3.2 3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol2,963.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.1.3 4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol6,180.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.5.4 5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
13.2.3 6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
14.3.3 7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
14.4.3 8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
14.4.7 9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
14.7.3 10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
14.8.3 11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
15.2.2 12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
15.6.1 13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
15.10.1 14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
16.2.4 15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
16.5.4 16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
17.2.5 17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
17.3.2 18th Energy Level
17.4.5 19th Energy Level
17.6.2 20th Energy Level
17.6.6 21st Energy Level
17.6.12 22nd Energy Level
17.6.15 23rd Energy Level
17.7.1 24th Energy Level
17.7.6 25th Energy Level
17.8.3 26th Energy Level
17.9.3 27th Energy Level
17.12.3 28th Energy Level
17.12.7 29th Energy Level
17.13.2 30th Energy Level
17.16 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr0.87 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
18.2 Electron Work Function
18.3 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
19 Atomic
19.1 Atomic Number
19.3 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
19.4 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
19.4.1 Crystal Lattice
19.5 Atom
19.5.1 Number of Protons
19.7.3 Number of Neutrons
19.7.10 Number of Electrons
19.9 Radius of an Atom
19.9.1 Atomic Radius
227.00 pm135.00 pm
112
265
19.9.10 Covalent Radius
203.00 pm122.00 pm
96
260
19.9.16 Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm187.00 pm
139
348
19.11 Atomic Weight
39.10 amu69.72 amu
6.94
294
20.2 Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol11.80 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
20.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
20.4.1 Previous Element
20.4.2 Next Element
20.5 Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)69.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
20.8 Lattice Constant
532.80 pm451.97 pm
228.58
891.25
21.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
21.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
22 Mechanical
22.1 Density
22.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm35.91 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
23.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm36.10 g/cm3
0.512
20
24.6 Tensile Strength
25.2 Viscosity
25.8 Vapor Pressure
25.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
25.10 Elasticity properties
25.10.1 Shear Modulus
25.14.2 Bulk Modulus
25.16.4 Young's Modulus
25.22 Poisson Ratio
25.27 Other Mechanical Properties
26 Magnetic
26.1 Magnetic Characteristics
26.1.1 Specific Gravity
27.8.1 Magnetic Ordering
27.8.2 Permeability
28.5.2 Susceptibility
28.7 Electrical Properties
28.7.1 Electrical Property
28.7.2 Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m270.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
30.2.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
30.3.3 Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol28.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
31 Thermal
31.1 Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)0.37 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
31.5 Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K25.86 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
31.8 Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K40.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
31.11 Critical Temperature
31.15 Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)18.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
32.2 Enthalpy
32.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol256.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
32.5.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol5.59 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
34.2.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol276.10 kJ/mol
61.5
837
35.2 Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K40.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1