1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.9 Block
1.10 Element Family
1.11 CAS Number
74400977439921
7429905
54386242
2.5 Space Group Name
2.6 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1807
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~0.000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.9 Abundance In Oceans
4.2.4 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-30.21 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.5 In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.30.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
63.65 °C327.50 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
774.00 °C1,740.00 °C
147
5660
7.6 Appearance
7.6.1 Physical State
7.6.2 Color
7.6.3 Luster
7.7 Hardness
7.7.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.3 Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa38.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.7.5 Vickers Hardness
7.9 Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s1,190.00 m/s
818
16200
7.11 Optical Properties
7.11.1 Refractive Index
7.11.3 Reflectivity
8.3 Allotropes
8.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.4 Electronegativity
9.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.4.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.4.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.4.9 Allen Electronegativity
9.6 Electropositivity
9.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.8 Ionization Energies
9.8.1 1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol715.60 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.8.4 2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol1,450.50 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.8.6 3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol3,081.50 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.8.8 4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol4,083.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.8.10 5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol6,640.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.8.13 6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
9.8.15 7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
9.8.17 8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
9.8.19 9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
9.8.21 10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
9.8.23 11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
9.8.25 12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
9.8.26 13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
9.8.29 14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
9.8.31 15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
9.8.33 16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
9.8.35 17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
9.8.37 18th Energy Level
9.8.40 19th Energy Level
9.8.42 20th Energy Level
9.8.44 21st Energy Level
9.8.46 22nd Energy Level
9.8.48 23rd Energy Level
9.8.50 24th Energy Level
9.8.52 25th Energy Level
9.8.54 26th Energy Level
9.8.55 27th Energy Level
9.8.57 28th Energy Level
9.9.1 29th Energy Level
9.9.2 30th Energy Level
9.11 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr3.87 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.2 Electron Work Function
10.6 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
11.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
11.3.1 Crystal Lattice
11.4 Atom
11.4.1 Number of Protons
11.4.3 Number of Neutrons
11.4.4 Number of Electrons
11.6 Radius of an Atom
11.6.1 Atomic Radius
227.00 pm175.00 pm
112
265
11.6.2 Covalent Radius
203.00 pm146.00 pm
96
260
11.6.4 Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm202.00 pm
139
348
11.8 Atomic Weight
39.10 amu207.20 amu
6.94
294
11.10 Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol18.17 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.13.1 Previous Element
11.13.2 Next Element
11.14 Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)24.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.16 Lattice Constant
532.80 pm495.08 pm
228.58
891.25
11.19 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.20 Lattice C/A Ratio
13 Mechanical
13.1 Density
13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm311.34 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
13.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm310.66 g/cm3
0.512
20
13.3 Tensile Strength
13.5 Viscosity
13.7 Vapor Pressure
13.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
13.7.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.9 Elasticity properties
13.9.1 Shear Modulus
13.9.2 Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa46.00 GPa
1.6
462
13.9.4 Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa16.00 GPa
1.7
528
13.10 Poisson Ratio
13.12 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
15.1.3 Permeability
15.1.6 Susceptibility
15.2 Electrical Properties
15.2.1 Electrical Property
15.2.2 Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m208.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.3.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
15.3.5 Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol35.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K26.65 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.4 Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K35.30 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.6 Critical Temperature
17.8 Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)28.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.10 Enthalpy
17.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol179.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.11.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol4.77 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.11.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol194.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.12 Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K64.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1