1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
1.7 CAS Number
74400977440177
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Obtained from Lithium Production.
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
2.6.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~0.000003 %
1E-08
0.1
3.1.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.3.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.8.2 Abundance In Oceans
4.8.4 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
1.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
NA
1.2.1 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
1.3.2 Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Research Purposes
1.4 Biological Properties
1.4.1 Toxicity
1.4.3 Present in Human Body
1.5.2 In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
1.5.5 In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
2 Physical
2.1 Melting Point
2.3 Boiling Point
774.00 °C688.00 °C
147
5660
2.4 Appearance
2.4.1 Physical State
2.4.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Grayish White
2.4.3 Luster
2.5 Hardness
2.5.1 Mohs Hardness
2.8.2 Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa0.22 MPa
0.14
3490
1.3.1 Vickers Hardness
1.5 Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s1,300.00 m/s
818
16200
1.10 Optical Properties
1.10.1 Refractive Index
1.14.3 Reflectivity
1.15 Allotropes
1.16.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.16.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.16.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2 Chemical
2.1 Chemical Formula
2.2 Isotopes
2.2.1 Known Isotopes
3.2 Electronegativity
3.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
4.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
4.4.8 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
4.4.10 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
4.5.4 Allen Electronegativity
4.8 Electropositivity
4.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
4.9 Ionization Energies
4.9.1 1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
4.10.5 2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
4.11.2 3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.1.1 4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol5,080.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.2.6 5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol6,850.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.2.11 6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol8,140.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
6.1.2 7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol9,570.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
6.2.2 8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol13,120.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
7.1.3 9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol14,500.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
7.3.2 10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol26,740.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
7.3.7 11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
7.3.12 12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
7.4.5 13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
7.4.10 14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
7.5.2 15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
7.5.8 16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
8.1.2 17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
8.2.3 18th Energy Level
9.2.4 19th Energy Level
9.4.2 20th Energy Level
9.5.3 21st Energy Level
9.7.3 22nd Energy Level
9.10.1 23rd Energy Level
10.2.1 24th Energy Level
10.3.1 25th Energy Level
10.7.2 26th Energy Level
10.8.2 27th Energy Level
10.8.6 28th Energy Level
10.8.9 29th Energy Level
10.8.13 30th Energy Level
10.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.14 Electron Work Function
10.15 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.3 Electron Configuration
11.4 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
11.4.1 Crystal Lattice
11.5 Atom
11.5.1 Number of Protons
11.5.5 Number of Neutrons
11.6.4 Number of Electrons
11.10 Radius of an Atom
11.10.1 Atomic Radius
227.00 pm248.00 pm
112
265
11.11.2 Covalent Radius
203.00 pm220.00 pm
96
260
11.14.1 Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm303.00 pm
139
348
12.2 Atomic Weight
39.10 amu85.47 amu
6.94
294
13.2 Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.6.1 Previous Element
13.6.2 Next Element
13.7 Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.9 Lattice Constant
532.80 pm558.50 pm
228.58
891.25
13.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
13.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.2.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm31.46 g/cm3
0.512
20
14.4 Tensile Strength
14.5 Viscosity
14.6 Vapor Pressure
14.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
14.6.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
14.7 Elasticity properties
14.7.1 Shear Modulus
14.9.3 Bulk Modulus
15.2.1 Young's Modulus
15.3 Poisson Ratio
15.4 Other Mechanical Properties
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.2.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
16.2.4 Permeability
16.2.7 Susceptibility
16.3 Electrical Properties
16.3.1 Electrical Property
16.3.2 Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
16.4.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
17.1.1 Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
19 Thermal
19.1 Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
19.2 Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
1.10 Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
2.3 Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K2,093.00 K
26.3
3223
2.9 Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
3.7 Enthalpy
3.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
4.4.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
5.3.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
5.5 Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1