Promethium vs Berkelium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm
Bk
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
7
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Actinide
CAS Number
7440122
99+
7440406
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
Not Available
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
- Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
History
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Discovery
In 1942
In 1949
Abundance
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
Industrial Uses
NA
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
NA
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C
99+
986.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C
31
2,627.00 °C
40
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Unknown
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm
Bk
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
14
25
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.20
27
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
2.70
1
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
601.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,152.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
3,434.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
3.07 g/amp-hr
16
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61
99+
97
21
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
61
99+
97
21
Number of Neutrons
84
40
150
11
Number of Electrons
61
99+
97
21
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm
10
170.00 pm
22
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm
12
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm
16
Not Available
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu
99+
247.00 amu
18
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol
12
Not Available
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)
39
45.50 (-eV)
36
Lattice Constant
Not Available
341.60 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
Unknown
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3
99+
14.78 g/cm3
22
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
13.25 g/cm3
11
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa
36
Not Available
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa
38
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.26
99+
14.00
14
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
Not Available
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K
99+
10.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol
34
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
Not Available
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