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Protactinium vs Lead

Protactinium
Lead
Lead vs Protactinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa  
Pb  
Group Number
3  
15
14  
4
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440133  
99+
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
139.00  
11
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
-  
Discovery
In 1900  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C  
21
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C  
12
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
125.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
220.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
12,400.00 m/s  
3
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pa  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50  
28
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14  
29
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.50  
26
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.50  
32
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
568.50 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
568.30 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
5.89 eV  
3
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
91  
27
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
91  
27
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
122  
22
125  
20
Number of Electrons
91  
27
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm  
27
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm  
11
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm  
15
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu  
24
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thorium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Uranium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)  
11
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm  
26
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
36
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3  
20
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.37 g/cm3  
21
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
32
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
47.00 GPa  
26
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
47.00 GPa  
99+
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.37  
23
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m  
21
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
39
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
53.03 kJ/mol  
22
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K  
32
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
1,841.00 K  
25
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
481.00 kJ/mol  
17
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol  
34
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
481.90 kJ/mol  
19
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K  
1
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
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