Symbol
Ra
Ga
Group Number
213
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
74
2
7
👆🏻
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
CAS Number
74401447440553
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Cmca
Space Group Number
229.0064.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
-
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1898
In 1875
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
-0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
-
It is used in luminous paints.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
-
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
-
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.08 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
700.00 °C29.78 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C2,403.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.001.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa56.80 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
140.00 MPa111.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
3,150.00 m/s2,740.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.001.81
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
83.00 %36.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Ra
Ga
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3324
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.901.81
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.892.42
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.971.82
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.922.01
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
0.891.76
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.102.19
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol1,979.30 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol2,963.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
5,093.00 kJ/mol6,180.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol5,787.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol5,787.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,090.00 kJ/mol5,780.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol5,780.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol5,787.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol5,787.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol5,780.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol57,800.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol5,780.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol578.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol57,800.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol57,800.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol5,787.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol578.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol578.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol578.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr0.87 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV4.20 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Number
8831
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
8831
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
13839
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
8831
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm135.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm122.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm187.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu69.72 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol11.80 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)69.70 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm451.97 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.571.30
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm35.91 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm36.10 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa41.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa7.20 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa37.30 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa9.80 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.310.47
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.005.91
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
Semiconductor
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m270.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω0.07 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
0.90 kJ/mol28.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.37 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
20.05 J/mol·K25.86 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K40.60 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
973.00 K302.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)18.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
113.00 kJ/mol256.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.60 kJ/mol5.59 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol276.10 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K40.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻