1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
2.4 Block
2.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
2.6 CAS Number
74401447440031
7429905
54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
2.9 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
3.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Charles Hatchett
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.6.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.4 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
-
It is used in luminous paints.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
NA0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.3.2 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
700.00 °C2,468.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C2,468.00 °C
147
5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
6.3.2 Color
6.3.3 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.4.2 Brinell Hardness
6.4.4 Vickers Hardness
6.7 Speed of Sound
6.8 Optical Properties
6.8.1 Refractive Index
6.8.3 Reflectivity
6.9 Allotropes
6.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.3.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.3.8 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.3.10 Allen Electronegativity
7.4 Electropositivity
7.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.5 Ionization Energies
7.5.1 1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol652.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.5.3 2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol1,380.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.5.4 3rd Energy Level
NA2,416.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.5.6 4th Energy Level
NA3,700.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.5.9 5th Energy Level
NA4,877.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.5.10 6th Energy Level
NA9,847.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
7.5.12 7th Energy level
NA12,100.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
7.5.15 8th Energy Level
7.5.17 9th Energy Level
7.5.19 10th Energy Level
7.5.21 11th Energy Level
7.5.24 12th Energy Level
7.5.27 13th Energy Level
7.5.29 14th Energy Level
7.5.31 15th Energy Level
7.5.34 16th Energy Level
7.5.36 17th Energy Level
7.6.1 18th Energy Level
7.6.2 19th Energy Level
7.7.1 20th Energy Level
8.1.1 21st Energy Level
8.1.2 22nd Energy Level
8.4.2 23rd Energy Level
8.4.3 24th Energy Level
8.4.5 25th Energy Level
8.4.6 26th Energy Level
8.4.8 27th Energy Level
8.4.9 28th Energy Level
8.5.2 29th Energy Level
8.5.4 30th Energy Level
8.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.8 Electron Work Function
8.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.4 Electron Configuration
9.5 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
9.5.1 Crystal Lattice
9.6 Atom
9.6.1 Number of Protons
9.7.1 Number of Neutrons
9.9.1 Number of Electrons
10.2 Radius of an Atom
10.2.1 Atomic Radius
10.2.3 Covalent Radius
221.00 pm164.00 pm
96
260
10.2.4 Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.4 Atomic Weight
226.00 amu92.91 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol10.87 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)104.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.11 Lattice Constant
514.80 pm330.04 pm
228.58
891.25
10.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm38.57 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.3 Tensile Strength
12.2 Viscosity
12.3 Vapor Pressure
12.3.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.3.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.5 Elasticity properties
12.5.1 Shear Modulus
12.5.3 Bulk Modulus
12.5.5 Young's Modulus
13.2 Poisson Ratio
13.4 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
14.2.2 Permeability
14.2.3 Susceptibility
14.4 Electrical Properties
14.4.1 Electrical Property
14.4.2 Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m152.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.5.1 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.6.2 Electron Affinity
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.26 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA24.60 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.3 Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K53.70 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.5 Critical Temperature
15.6 Thermal Expansion
15.7 Enthalpy
15.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA696.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.7.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.7.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol745.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
15.8 Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K36.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1