Radium

Promethium

Radium vs Promethium

Radium

Promethium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

2NA

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

s block

f block

1.5 Element Family

Alkaline Earth

Lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

74401447440122

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

Not Available

1.8 Space Group Number

229.00NA

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.

Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.

2.2 Sources

Mining, Ores of metals

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Not Available

Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1898

In 1942

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NANA

5E-09 0.11

2.4.3 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

2.5.1 Abundance In Meteorites

NANA

1.7E-07 22

2.5.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %NA

9.9E-12 8.1

2.6.1 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %NA

2E-23 1.1

2.6.2 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %NA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
It is used in luminous paints.

It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.

Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Pharmaceutical Industry

3.1.3 Other Uses

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Highly Toxic

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.3.1 In Blood

NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.4.1 In Bone

NANA

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

700.00 °C1,042.00 °C

27 3410

4.4 Boiling Point

1,737.00 °C3,000.00 °C

147 5660

5.2 Appearance

5.2.1 Physical State

Solid

5.2.2 Color

Silvery White

Unknown

5.2.3 Luster

Metallic

5.3 Hardness

5.3.1 Mohs Hardness

NANA

0.2 8.5

5.3.3 Brinell Hardness

NANA

0.14 3490

5.4.1 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

5.6 Speed of Sound

NANA

818 16200

5.8 Optical Properties

5.8.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

5.9.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

5.10 Allotropes

✔ ✘

5.10.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

5.10.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

5.10.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

6 Chemical

6.1 Chemical Formula

6.2 Isotopes

6.2.1 Known Isotopes

3327

0 38

6.3 Electronegativity

6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

0.90NA

0.7 2.54

6.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity

NANA

0.22 2.56

6.4.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

0.971.07

0.86 1.82

6.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

0.92NA

0.62 2.48

7.1.3 Allen Electronegativity

0.89NA

0.659 2.7

7.2 Electropositivity

7.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity

3.10NA

1.46 3.3

7.4 Ionization Energies

7.4.1 1st Energy Level

509.30 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

7.4.2 2nd Energy Level

979.00 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

7.4.4 3rd Energy Level

NA2,150.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

7.4.5 4th Energy Level

NA3,970.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

7.4.7 5th Energy Level

NANA

4305.2 97510

8.1.1 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

8.2.1 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

8.3.1 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

8.3.2 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

8.4.1 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

8.5.1 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

8.5.2 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

8.6.2 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

8.6.4 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

8.6.5 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

8.6.7 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

8.6.8 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

8.7.1 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

8.7.2 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

8.7.3 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

8.7.4 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

8.7.5 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

8.7.6 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

8.7.7 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

8.7.8 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

8.7.9 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

8.7.10 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

8.7.11 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

8.7.12 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

8.7.13 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent

4.22 g/amp-hr1.80 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

8.9 Electron Work Function

NANA

2.14 5.65

8.10 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

9 Atomic

9.1 Atomic Number

8861

3 117

9.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 7s²

[Xe] 4f⁵ 6s²

9.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)

9.3.1 Crystal Lattice

9.4 Atom

9.4.1 Number of Protons

8861

3 117

9.4.2 Number of Neutrons

13884

4 184

9.4.3 Number of Electrons

8861

3 117

9.5 Radius of an Atom

9.5.1 Atomic Radius

NA183.00 pm

112 265

9.5.2 Covalent Radius

221.00 pm199.00 pm

96 260

9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

283.00 pm236.00 pm

139 348

9.6 Atomic Weight

226.00 amu145.00 amu

6.94 294

9.7 Atomic Volume

45.20 cm3/mol22.39 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

9.8.1 Previous Element

9.8.2 Next Element

9.9 Valence Electron Potential

20.10 (-eV)44.10 (-eV)

8 392.42

9.10 Lattice Constant

514.80 pmNA

228.58 891.25

9.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

Unknown

9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

10 Mechanical

10.1 Density

10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

5.50 g/cm³7.26 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NANA

0.512 20

10.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

10.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

10.4 Vapor Pressure

10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

10.5 Elasticity properties

10.5.1 Shear Modulus

NA18.00 GPa

1.3 222

10.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA33.00 GPa

1.6 462

10.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA46.00 GPa

1.7 528

10.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.28

0.032 0.47

10.7 Other Mechanical Properties

11 Magnetic

11.1 Magnetic Characteristics

11.1.1 Specific Gravity

5.007.26

0.53 4500

11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Nonmagnetic

Paramagnetic

11.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

11.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

11.2 Electrical Properties

11.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

11.2.2 Resistivity

100.00 nΩ·m0.75 nΩ·m

0.18 961

11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

NANA

0.00666 0.63

11.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA50.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

12 Thermal

12.1 Specific Heat

0.12 J/(kg K)0.18 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

12.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NANA

16.443 62.7

12.3 Thermal Conductivity

18.60 W/m·K17.90 W/m·K

6.3 429

12.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

12.5 Thermal Expansion

NA9.00 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

12.6 Enthalpy

12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NANA

7.32 799.1

12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA7.50 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

163.00 kJ/mol310.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

12.7 Standard Molar Entropy

71.00 J/mol.KNA

9.5 198.1

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