1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
2.4 Block
2.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
2.6 CAS Number
74401667440553
7429905
54386242
2.7 Space Group Name
2.8 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.000004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.6.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.6.6 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.8 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
4.1.2 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.3 Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
4.1.4 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.6 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,966.00 °C29.78 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C2,403.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.4 Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa56.80 MPa
0.14
3490
5.4.7 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s2,740.00 m/s
818
16200
5.6 Optical Properties
5.6.1 Refractive Index
5.6.4 Reflectivity
5.7 Allotropes
5.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.5.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.1.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.1.2 Allen Electronegativity
7.5 Electropositivity
7.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.6 Ionization Energies
7.6.1 1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol578.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.6.3 2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol1,979.30 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.6.5 3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol2,963.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.6.6 4th Energy Level
NA6,180.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.7.2 5th Energy Level
7.7.4 6th Energy Level
7.7.6 7th Energy level
7.8.1 8th Energy Level
7.8.2 9th Energy Level
7.8.3 10th Energy Level
7.9.1 11th Energy Level
7.11.1 12th Energy Level
7.12.1 13th Energy Level
7.12.2 14th Energy Level
7.14.1 15th Energy Level
8.1.2 16th Energy Level
8.1.4 17th Energy Level
8.1.5 18th Energy Level
8.2.1 19th Energy Level
8.3.1 20th Energy Level
8.3.2 21st Energy Level
8.4.2 22nd Energy Level
8.4.3 23rd Energy Level
8.4.5 24th Energy Level
8.5.2 25th Energy Level
8.5.3 26th Energy Level
8.5.4 27th Energy Level
8.5.6 28th Energy Level
8.5.7 29th Energy Level
8.5.9 30th Energy Level
8.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr0.87 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.8 Electron Work Function
9.2 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
10.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.5.3 Number of Neutrons
10.5.4 Number of Electrons
10.6 Radius of an Atom
10.6.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm135.00 pm
112
265
10.6.3 Covalent Radius
142.00 pm122.00 pm
96
260
10.6.4 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm187.00 pm
139
348
11.2 Atomic Weight
102.91 amu69.72 amu
6.94
294
11.4 Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol11.80 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.6.1 Previous Element
11.6.2 Next Element
11.7 Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)69.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.8 Lattice Constant
380.34 pm451.97 pm
228.58
891.25
11.10 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.11 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm35.91 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm36.10 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.3 Tensile Strength
12.4 Viscosity
12.5 Vapor Pressure
12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.6 Elasticity properties
12.6.1 Shear Modulus
12.7.1 Bulk Modulus
12.7.2 Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa9.80 GPa
1.7
528
12.8 Poisson Ratio
12.9 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
13.1.3 Permeability
13.1.4 Susceptibility
13.2 Electrical Properties
13.2.1 Electrical Property
13.2.2 Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m270.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.2.4 Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol28.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.37 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K25.86 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K40.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.4 Critical Temperature
14.5 Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)18.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.6 Enthalpy
14.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol256.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol5.59 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
14.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol276.10 kJ/mol
61.5
837
14.7 Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K40.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1