1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.8 Block
1.9 Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
1.10 CAS Number
74401667440406
7429905
54386242
1.13 Space Group Name
1.14 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.7 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.9 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,966.00 °C986.00 °C
27
3410
6.3 Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C2,627.00 °C
147
5660
7.2 Appearance
7.2.1 Physical State
7.2.2 Color
7.2.3 Luster
7.3 Hardness
7.3.1 Mohs Hardness
7.4.1 Brinell Hardness
7.5.2 Vickers Hardness
7.7 Speed of Sound
7.8 Optical Properties
7.8.1 Refractive Index
7.8.3 Reflectivity
7.9 Allotropes
7.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.5.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.3.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.4 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol601.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol1,186.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.5 3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol2,152.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.6.2 4th Energy Level
NA3,434.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.7.2 5th Energy Level
9.7.4 6th Energy Level
9.7.6 7th Energy level
9.7.7 8th Energy Level
9.7.9 9th Energy Level
9.7.11 10th Energy Level
9.7.13 11th Energy Level
9.7.15 12th Energy Level
9.7.18 13th Energy Level
9.7.20 14th Energy Level
9.7.21 15th Energy Level
9.7.23 16th Energy Level
9.7.25 17th Energy Level
9.7.26 18th Energy Level
9.7.28 19th Energy Level
9.7.30 20th Energy Level
9.7.31 21st Energy Level
9.7.33 22nd Energy Level
9.7.35 23rd Energy Level
9.7.37 24th Energy Level
9.7.38 25th Energy Level
9.7.40 26th Energy Level
9.7.42 27th Energy Level
9.7.44 28th Energy Level
9.7.45 29th Energy Level
9.7.47 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr3.07 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.4 Number of Neutrons
10.4.6 Number of Electrons
10.6 Radius of an Atom
10.6.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm170.00 pm
112
265
10.7.1 Covalent Radius
11.1.1 Van der Waals Radius
11.3 Atomic Weight
102.91 amu247.00 amu
6.94
294
11.6 Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
11.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.7.1 Previous Element
11.7.2 Next Element
11.8 Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)45.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.9 Lattice Constant
380.34 pm341.60 pm
228.58
891.25
11.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm314.78 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm313.25 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.3 Tensile Strength
12.5 Viscosity
12.6 Vapor Pressure
12.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.10 Elasticity properties
12.10.1 Shear Modulus
12.12.1 Bulk Modulus
13.1.3 Young's Modulus
13.2 Poisson Ratio
13.5 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.2.3 Permeability
14.2.4 Susceptibility
14.3 Electrical Properties
14.3.1 Electrical Property
14.3.2 Resistivity
14.4.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
14.4.4 Electron Affinity
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
15.3 Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
16.2 Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K10.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.3 Critical Temperature
16.4 Thermal Expansion
16.6 Enthalpy
16.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
16.6.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.6.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
17.2 Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1