Rubidium

Darmstadtium

Rubidium Darmstadtium Comparison

Rubidium

Darmstadtium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

110

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

s block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Alkali

Probably Transition

1.6 CAS Number

744017754083771

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

Not Available

1.8 Space Group Number

229.00NA

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.

Not Available

2.2 Sources

Obtained from Lithium Production.

Synthetically Produced

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff

Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1861

In 1994

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

1 * 10^-6 %NA

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.000003 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %NA

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.01 %NA

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %NA

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %NA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.

Currently known uses of Darmstadtium metal are limited to research purpose only. As only few atoms of this metal are produced.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Research Purposes

Research Purposes

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

Unknown

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

2.49 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

5.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

38.89 °CNA

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

688.00 °CNA

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Grayish White

Unknown

4.3.3 Luster

Unknown Luster

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

0.30NA

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

0.22 MPaNA

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

1,300.00 m/s5,090.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

299

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

0.82NA

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

0.31NA

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

0.89NA

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

0.69NA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

0.71NA

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

3.18NA

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

403.00 kJ/mol955.20 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

2,633.00 kJ/mol1,891.10 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

3,860.00 kJ/mol3,029.60 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

5,080.00 kJ/mol3,955.90 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

6,850.00 kJ/mol5,113.70 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

8,140.00 kJ/molNA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

9,570.00 kJ/molNA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

13,120.00 kJ/molNA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

14,500.00 kJ/molNA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

26,740.00 kJ/molNA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

3.19 g/amp-hrNA

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

2.16 eVNA

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

37110

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 5s¹

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁸ 7s²

6.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

37110

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

48161

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

37110

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

248.00 pm132.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

220.00 pm128.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

303.00 pmNA

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

85.47 amu281.00 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

55.90 cm3/molNA

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

9.47 (-eV)NA

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

558.50 pmNA

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

1.53 g/cm³NA

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

1.46 g/cm3NA

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NANA

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

2.50 GPaNA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

2.40 GPaNA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

NANA

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile

Unknown

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

1.53NA

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Unknown

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

Unknown

8.2.2 Resistivity

128.00 nΩ·mNA

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.08 10⁶/cm ΩNA

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

46.90 kJ/molNA

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.36 J/(kg K)NA

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

31.06 J/mol·KNA

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

58.20 W/m·KNA

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

2,093.00 KNA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

90.00 µm/(m·K)NA

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

69.20 kJ/molNA

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

2.19 kJ/molNA

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

82.00 kJ/molNA

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

76.80 J/mol.KNA

9.5 198.1

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