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Rubidium
Rubidium

Darmstadtium
Darmstadtium



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Rubidium
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Darmstadtium

Rubidium vs Darmstadtium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Rb
Ds
1.2 Group Number
110
Gadolinium
0 17
1.5 Period Number
57
Lithium
2 7
2.3 Block
s block
d block
2.5 Element Family
Alkali
Probably Transition
2.6 CAS Number
744017754083771
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Not Available
2.9 Space Group Number
229.00NA
Plutonium
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
Not Available
3.2 Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
Synthetically Produced
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1861
In 1994
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
1.2.2 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
1.3.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %NA
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.5.1 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.5.3 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  • Currently known uses of Darmstadtium metal are limited to research purpose only. As only few atoms of this metal are produced.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
4.3.1 In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
38.89 °CNA
Francium
27 3410
6.4 Boiling Point
688.00 °CNA
Flerovium
147 5660
6.5 Appearance
6.5.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
6.5.2 Color
Grayish White
Unknown
6.5.3 Luster
NA
Unknown Luster
6.6 Hardness
6.6.1 Mohs Hardness
0.30NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
6.6.4 Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
6.7.1 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
6.9 Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s5,090.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
7.3 Optical Properties
7.3.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
8.2.4 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
8.4 Allotropes
8.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
Rb
Ds
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
299
Tennessine
0 38
10.2 Electronegativity
10.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
0.82NA
Francium
0.7 2.54
10.2.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
10.3.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89NA
Cesium
0.86 1.82
10.3.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69NA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
10.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
0.71NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
10.8 Electropositivity
10.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
3.18NA
Gold
1.46 3.3
10.9 Ionization Energies
10.9.1 1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol955.20 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
10.9.4 2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol1,891.10 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
10.10.1 3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol3,029.60 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
10.10.4 4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol3,955.90 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
10.11.4 5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol5,113.70 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
11.2.2 6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
11.2.4 7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
11.3.3 8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
11.3.6 9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
14110 134700
11.3.7 10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
11.3.10 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
11.3.13 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
11.3.16 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
11.3.18 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
11.4.2 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
11.5.2 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
11.5.5 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
11.5.8 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
11.5.10 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
11.5.13 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
11.5.15 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
11.5.18 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
11.5.20 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
11.5.22 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
11.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
11.5.27 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
11.5.29 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
11.5.32 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
11.5.34 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
11.5.37 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
11.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hrNA
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
11.9 Electron Work Function
2.16 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
12.2 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
37110
Lithium
3 117
13.5 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1
[Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2
13.6 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
13.6.1 Crystal Lattice
13.7 Atom
13.7.2 Number of Protons
37110
Lithium
3 117
13.7.4 Number of Neutrons
48161
Lithium
4 184
13.7.8 Number of Electrons
37110
Lithium
3 117
13.9 Radius of an Atom
13.9.1 Atomic Radius
248.00 pm132.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
13.9.4 Covalent Radius
220.00 pm128.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
13.9.6 Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pmNA
Zinc
139 348
13.11 Atomic Weight
85.47 amu281.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
13.13 Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/molNA
Manganese
1.39 71.07
13.16 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.16.1 Previous Element
13.16.2 Next Element
13.17 Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)NA
Francium
8 392.42
13.19 Lattice Constant
558.50 pmNA
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
13.22 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
13.23 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.534 40.7
15.1.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.512 20
15.3 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
15.5 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
15.8 Vapor Pressure
15.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
15.8.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
15.11 Elasticity properties
15.11.1 Shear Modulus
NANA
Potassium
1.3 222
16.1.2 Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPaNA
Cesium
1.6 462
16.4.2 Young's Modulus
2.40 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
1.2 Poisson Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
1.4 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Unknown
2 Magnetic
2.1 Magnetic Characteristics
2.1.1 Specific Gravity
1.53NA
Lithium
0.53 4500
3.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Unknown
3.1.4 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
3.2.5 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
3.4 Electrical Properties
3.4.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
3.4.2 Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·mNA
Thallium
0.18 961
3.5.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
3.5.7 Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/molNA
Mercury
0 222.8
4 Thermal
4.1 Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)NA
Americium
0.11 3.6
5.2 Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
5.6 Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·KNA
Neptunium
6.3 429
5.9 Critical Temperature
2,093.00 KNA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
5.11 Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten
4.5 97
6.2 Enthalpy
6.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/molNA
Zinc
7.32 799.1
6.3.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/molNA
Cesium
2.1 35.23
6.3.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury
61.5 837
6.5 Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium
9.5 198.1