Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Not Available
Space Group Number
Not Available
Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
Not Available
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Synthetically Produced
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
Discovery
In 1844
In 1996
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- Currently known uses of Copernicium metal are limited to research purpose only.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Research Purposes
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
No
No
Melting Point
Not Available
Boiling Point
Not Available
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Unknown
Luster
Metallic
Unknown Luster
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
4th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Number of Neutrons
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
Atomic Volume
Not Available
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
Lattice Constant
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Shear Modulus
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
Young's Modulus
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
Specific Gravity
Not Available
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Unknown
Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
Resistivity
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
Electron Affinity
Not Available
Specific Heat
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available