Ruthenium vs Plutonium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru
Pu
Group Number
8
10
0
18
Period Number
5
7
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
CAS Number
7440188
99+
7440075
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P121/m1
Space Group Number
194.00
5
11.00
13
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Discovery
In 1844
In Between 1940 1941
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %
22
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
26
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
38
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
- It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C
8
639.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C
14
3,235.00 °C
24
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa
3
Not Available
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s
4
2,260.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ru
Pu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
20
19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.28
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.22
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.54
25
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.72
21
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol
32
584.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol
37
2,084.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,338.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr
99+
2.28 g/amp-hr
22
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV
9
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
44
99+
94
24
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
44
99+
94
24
Number of Neutrons
57
99+
150
11
Number of Electrons
44
99+
94
24
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
159.00 pm
28
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
38
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu
99+
244.00 amu
19
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
12.32 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)
22
64.90 (-eV)
21
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm
99+
618.30 pm
4
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
11
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3
27
19.82 g/cm3
13
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3
16
16.63 g/cm3
8
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
23
2.20 (Pa)
12
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa
4
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa
7
Not Available
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa
3
96.00 GPa
21
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
0.21
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.45
19
19.84
7
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m
38
1.46 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
16
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
24
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K
99+
35.50 J/mol·K
3
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K
13
6.74 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
46.70 µm/(m·K)
6
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol
10
344.00 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol
7
2.82 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol
9
360.00 kJ/mol
26
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K
99+
Not Available
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