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Ruthenium vs Vanadium

Ruthenium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Ruthenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru   
V   
Group Number
8   
10
5   
13
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440188   
99+
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
In 1844   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %   
22
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
26
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C   
8
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C   
14
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50   
5
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa   
3
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s   
4
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ru   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.54   
25
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol   
32
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol   
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol   
37
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
Not Available   
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV   
9
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
44   
99+
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
44   
99+
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
57   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
44   
99+
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu   
99+
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Technetium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Rhodium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm   
99+
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
11
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3   
27
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3   
16
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa   
4
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa   
7
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa   
3
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.45   
19
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m   
38
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
16
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol   
10
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
24
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K   
13
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol   
10
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol   
7
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol   
9
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K   
99+
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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