Symbol
Rf
  
Pr
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
7
  
6
  
Block
d block
  
f block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Lanthanide
  
Space Group Name
Not Available
  
P63/mmc
  
Space Group Number
Not Available
  
Interesting Facts
- Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
- Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
- Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
  
Not Available
  
Discovery
In 1964
  
In 1885
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
  
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
  
~0.0000001 %
  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
  
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
- The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
-
This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
NA
  
Chemical Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown
  
Moderately Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
No
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
37
Not Available
  
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
  
36
Not Available
  
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C
  
11
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C
  
27
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Unknown
  
Grayish White
  
Luster
Unknown Luster
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available
  
2,280.00 m/s
  
40
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Rf
  
Pr
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol
  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,020.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,086.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol
  
99+
3,761.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
5,551.00 kJ/mol
  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available
  
1.75 g/amp-hr
  
40
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
  
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available
  
20.80 cm3/mol
  
15
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
  
42.64 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available
  
Lattice Angles
NA
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Young's Modulus
Not Available
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available
  
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
Not Available
  
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
  
0.01 10
6/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
  
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Specific Heat
Not Available
  
0.19 J/(kg K)
  
32
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
  
27.20 J/mol·K
  
18
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available
  
12.50 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
  
6.70 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
  
296.80 kJ/mol
  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
  
6.89 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
  
368.00 kJ/mol
  
24
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
  
73.20 J/mol.K
  
10