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Rutherfordium vs Scandium

Rutherfordium
Scandium
Scandium vs Rutherfordium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf   
Sc   
Group Number
4   
14
3   
15
Period Number
7   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
53850365   
13
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
In 1964   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C   
11
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C   
3
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silvery White   
Luster
Unknown Luster   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
750.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rf   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13   
26
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available   
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
104   
14
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104   
14
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
157   
7
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
104   
14
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm   
33
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm   
31
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu   
11
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3   
8
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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