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Samarium vs Vanadium

Samarium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Samarium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm   
V   
Group Number
Not Available   
5   
13
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440199   
99+
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
In 1879   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
37
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
29
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
40
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C   
99+
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C   
99+
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa   
27
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa   
24
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s   
99+
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sm   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17   
40
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83   
14
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol   
99+
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
Not Available   
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr   
34
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
62   
99+
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
62   
99+
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
88   
39
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
62   
99+
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu   
99+
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol   
19
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Promethium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Europium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)   
37
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm   
33
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3   
99+
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3   
32
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)   
9
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa   
34
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa   
35
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa   
37
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
0.27   
19
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.52   
99+
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m   
99+
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
31
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K   
7
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K   
99+
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)   
30
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol   
99+
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol   
40
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol   
99+
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K   
15
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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