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Scandium Rhodium Comparison


Rhodium Scandium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Sc   
Rh   

Group Number
3   
15
9   
9

Period Number
4   
5   

Block
d block   
d block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440202   
99+
7440166   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
William Hyde Wollaston   

Discovery
In 1879   
In 1804   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %   
15
6 * 10-8 %   
26

Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.0000002 %   
25

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
36

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
23
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
32
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  

Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
NA   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
Not Available   

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,539.00 °C   
24
1,966.00 °C   
12

Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C   
35
3,727.00 °C   
17

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6

Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa   
12
980.00 MPa   
9

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,100.00 MPa   
9

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,700.00 m/s   
15

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Sc   
Rh   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
13   
26
16   
23

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.36   
29
2.28   
3

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02   
21
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.45   
16

Allen Electronegativity
1.19   
36
1.56   
24

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.64   
25
1.72   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
719.70 kJ/mol   
29

2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26

3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27

4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
4.98 eV   
6

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
21   
99+
45   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
21   
99+
45   
99+

Number of Neutrons
24   
99+
58   
99+

Number of Electrons
21   
99+
45   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
162.00 pm   
26
134.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
170.00 pm   
25
142.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm   
25
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
44.96 amu   
99+
102.91 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Calcium
  
Ruthenium
  

Next Element
Titanium
  
Palladium
  

Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)   
24
64.00 (-eV)   
22

Lattice Constant
330.90 pm   
99+
380.34 pm   
27

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
7
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
12.41 g/cm3   
28

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
10.70 g/cm3   
14

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
951.00 MPa   
5

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)   
3
0.02 (Pa)   
19

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa   
24
150.00 GPa   
6

Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa   
21
275.00 GPa   
5

Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa   
26
380.00 GPa   
5

Poisson Ratio
0.28   
18
0.26   
22

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
2.99   
99+
12.41   
20

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8

Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
109.70 kJ/mol   
7

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22

Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
150.00 W/m·K   
9

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
495.40 kJ/mol   
12

Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
21.76 kJ/mol   
10

Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
556.50 kJ/mol   
12

Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+

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