Scandium Titanium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sc
Ti
Group Number
3
15
4
14
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440202
99+
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
Discovery
In 1879
In 1791
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %
15
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
18
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
23
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
32
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
16
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
34
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,539.00 °C
24
1,660.00 °C
18
Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C
35
3,287.00 °C
22
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray-White
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa
12
716.00 MPa
15
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
830.00 MPa
14
Speed of Sound
Not Available
5,090.00 m/s
9
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sc
Ti
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
13
26
23
16
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36
29
1.54
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02
21
1.09
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.32
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.19
36
1.38
32
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64
25
2.46
28
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
658.80 kJ/mol
39
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
2,652.50 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
4,174.60 kJ/mol
32
5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
9,581.00 kJ/mol
5
6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
11,533.00 kJ/mol
6
7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
13,590.00 kJ/mol
6
8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
16,440.00 kJ/mol
8
9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
18,530.00 kJ/mol
11
10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
20,833.00 kJ/mol
15
11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
25,575.00 kJ/mol
14
12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
28,125.00 kJ/mol
14
13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
76,015.00 kJ/mol
1
14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
83,280.00 kJ/mol
2
15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
90,880.00 kJ/mol
3
16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
100,700.00 kJ/mol
4
17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
109,100.00 kJ/mol
5
18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
117,800.00 kJ/mol
6
19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
129,900.00 kJ/mol
7
20th Energy Level
Not Available
137,530.00 kJ/mol
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV
31
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
21
99+
22
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
21
99+
22
99+
Number of Neutrons
24
99+
26
99+
Number of Electrons
21
99+
22
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm
26
147.00 pm
34
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm
25
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm
25
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
44.96 amu
99+
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol
34
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)
24
95.20 (-eV)
10
Lattice Constant
330.90 pm
99+
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
7
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3
99+
4.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3
99+
4.11 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
434.00 MPa
9
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)
3
0.98 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa
24
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa
21
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa
26
116.00 GPa
18
Poisson Ratio
0.28
18
0.32
12
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.99
99+
4.51
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m
10
420.00 nΩ·m
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol
33
7.60 kJ/mol
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K
99+
21.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol
28
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol
25
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol
28
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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